Ljuba Welitsch |

Ljuba Welitsch

"Ine sindine peysan wa ku Germany, koma wachi Bulgarian wachigololo," soprano Lyuba Velich adanenapo mwamasewera, kuyankha funso chifukwa chake sanayimbepo Wagner. Yankho ili sindilo narcissism ya woimba wotchuka. Zimangowonetsa bwino osati malingaliro ake okha, komanso momwe anthu a ku Ulaya ndi America amamuwonera - monga mulungu wamkazi wachifundo pa Olympus. Makhalidwe ake, mawonekedwe ake otseguka, mphamvu zopenga, mtundu wa quintessence wa nyimbo ndi zokopa zochititsa chidwi, zomwe adapereka kwa omvera-omvera mokwanira, zinasiya kukumbukira iye monga chodabwitsa chapadera mu dziko la opera.

Lyuba Velichkova anabadwa pa July 10, 1913 m'chigawo cha Bulgaria, m'mudzi wawung'ono wa Slavyanovo, womwe suli kutali ndi doko lalikulu la Varna - pambuyo pa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, tawuniyi inadzatchedwa Borisovo polemekeza dziko la Bulgaria. Tsar Boris III, chifukwa chake dzina ili likuwonetsedwa m'mabuku ambiri ngati malo obadwirako woimbayo. Makolo a Lyuba - Angel ndi Rada - adachokera kudera la Pirin (kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa dzikolo), anali ndi mizu ya Macedonia.

Woimba tsogolo anayamba maphunziro ake nyimbo ali mwana, kuphunzira kuimba violin. Pa kuumirira kwa makolo ake, amene ankafuna kupereka mwana wake "zambiri" zapaderazi, iye anaphunzira nzeru pa University Sofia, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo anaimba mu kwaya ya Alexander Nevsky Cathedral mu likulu. Komabe, chilakolako cha nyimbo ndi luso luso, komabe anatsogolera woimba tsogolo Sofia Conservatory, kumene anaphunzira m'kalasi Pulofesa Georgi Zlatev. Pamene ankaphunzira ku Conservatory, Velichkova anaimba mu kwaya ya Sofia Opera, kuwonekera kwake kunachitika pano: mu 1934 adayimba gawo laling'ono la wogulitsa mbalame ku "Louise" ndi G. Charpentier; udindo wachiwiri anali Tsarevich Fedor mu Mussorgsky a Boris Godunov, ndi wotchuka mlendo woimba, Chaliapin wamkulu, ankaimba udindo madzulo.

Kenako, Lyuba Velichkova patsogolo luso mawu pa Vienna Academy of Music. Pa maphunziro ake ku Vienna, Velichkova anadziwitsidwa chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za Austro-Germany ndipo kupititsa patsogolo kwake monga wojambula wa opera kunkagwirizana kwambiri ndi zochitika za ku Germany. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, "amafupikitsa" dzina lake lachi Slavic, ndikupangitsa kuti likhale lodziwika bwino ku German khutu: ndi momwe Velich akuwonekera kuchokera ku Velichkova - dzina lomwe pambuyo pake linadziwika kumbali zonse za Atlantic. Mu 1936, Luba Velich adasaina mgwirizano wake woyamba wa Austrian ndipo mpaka 1940 adayimba ku Graz makamaka ku Italy (pakati pa maudindo a zaka zimenezo - Desdemona mu opera ya G. Verdi Otello, maudindo mu G. Puccini's operas - Mimi ku La Boheme ", Cio-Cio-san ku Madama Butterfly, Manon ku Manon Lesko, etc.).

Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, Velich anaimba ku Germany, kukhala mmodzi mwa oimba otchuka kwambiri a Third Reich: mu 1940-1943. anali woyimba payekha panyumba yakale kwambiri ya opera ku Germany ku Hamburg, mu 1943-1945. - soloist wa Bavaria Opera mu Munich, kuwonjezera, nthawi zambiri amachita pa magawo ena kutsogolera German, mwa amene makamaka Saxon Semperoper mu Dresden ndi State Opera ku Berlin. Ntchito yabwino kwambiri ku Germany ya Nazi pambuyo pake sinakhudze zopambana zapadziko lonse za Velich: mosiyana ndi oimba ambiri a ku Germany kapena a ku Ulaya omwe anapambana m'nthawi ya Hitler (mwachitsanzo, R. Strauss, G. Karajan, V. Furtwängler, K. Flagstad, etc.). woimbayo anapulumuka mwachimwemwe ku denazification.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye sanaphwanyidwe ndi Vienna, amene, chifukwa cha Anschluss, ngakhale kuti anasiya kukhala likulu, sanataye kufunika kwake monga likulu loimba nyimbo: mu 1942 Lyuba anaimba kwa nthawi yoyamba. mu Vienna Volksoper gawo la Salome mu opera ya dzina lomwelo ndi R. Strauss yomwe yakhala chizindikiro chake. Mu gawo lomwelo, adzamupanga ku 1944 ku Vienna State Opera pa chikondwerero cha zaka 80 za R. Strauss, yemwe adakondwera ndi kutanthauzira kwake. Kuyambira 1946, Lyuba Velich wakhala woimba wanthawi zonse wa Vienna Opera, komwe adachita ntchito yododometsa, zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti apatsidwe ulemu wa "Kammersengerin" mu 1962.

Mu 1947, ndi zisudzo izi, iye anaonekera koyamba pa siteji ya London Covent Garden, kachiwiri mu siginecha gawo la Salome. Kupambana kunali kwakukulu, ndipo woimbayo amalandira pangano laumwini m'bwalo lamasewera akale kwambiri a Chingerezi, komwe amaimba mpaka 1952 monga Donna Anna ku Don Giovanni ndi WA Mozart, Musetta ku La Boheme ndi G. Puccini, Lisa mu Spades. Lady" ndi PI Tchaikovsky, Aida mu "Aida" ndi G. Verdi, Tosca mu "Tosca" ndi G. Puccini, etc. Makamaka poyang'ana ntchito yake mu nyengo ya 1949/50. "Salome" adakonzedwa, kuphatikiza talente ya woimbayo ndi malangizo anzeru a Peter Brook ndi mapangidwe apamwamba a Salvador Dali.

Chopambana kwambiri pa ntchito ya Luba Velich chinali nyengo zitatu ku New York Metropolitan Opera, komwe adayambanso mu 1949 monga Salome (seweroli, loyendetsedwa ndi wochititsa Fritz Reiner, lidalembedwa ndipo likadali kutanthauzira bwino kwa opera ya Strauss mpaka pano. ). Pa siteji ya New York zisudzo Velich anaimba nyimbo yake yaikulu - kuwonjezera Salome, ndi Aida, Tosca, Donna Anna, Musetta. Kuphatikiza pa Vienna, London ndi New York, woimbayo adawonekeranso pazigawo zina zapadziko lonse, zomwe zinali zofunikira kwambiri pa Salzburg Festival, kumene mu 1946 ndi 1950 adayimba gawo la Donna Anna, komanso Glyndebourne ndi Edinburgh Festivals. , kumene mu 1949 Ataitanidwa ndi impresario wotchuka Rudolf Bing, adayimba gawo la Amelia mu Masquerade Ball ya G. Verdi.

Ntchito yopambana ya woimbayo inali yowala, koma yosakhalitsa, ngakhale kuti inatha mwalamulo mu 1981. Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1950. anayamba kuvutika ndi mawu ake omwe ankafuna opaleshoni ya mitsempha yake. Chifukwa cha izi mwina chagona chakuti pa chiyambi cha ntchito yake woimba anasiya ntchito mwangwiro nyimbo, amene anali mogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha mawu ake, mokomera maudindo kwambiri. Pambuyo 1955, iye kawirikawiri ankaimba (ku Vienna mpaka 1964), makamaka maphwando ang'onoang'ono: udindo wake womaliza anali Yaroslavna mu Prince Igor ndi AP Borodin. Mu 1972, Velich adabwerera ku siteji ya Metropolitan Opera: pamodzi ndi J. Sutherland ndi L. Pavarotti, adachita mu opera ya G. Donizetti The Daughter of the Regiment. Ndipo ngakhale udindo wake (Duchess von Krakenthorpe) unali waung'ono komanso wokambirana, omvera analandira mwansangala Chibugariya wamkulu.

Mawu a Lyuba Velich anali chodabwitsa kwambiri m'mbiri ya mawu. Osakhala ndi kukongola kwapadera ndi kuchuluka kwa kamvekedwe, panthawi imodzimodziyo anali ndi makhalidwe omwe amasiyanitsa woimbayo ndi ma prima donnas ena. Nyimbo zoyimba za soprano Velich zimadziwika ndi kuyera bwino kwa mawu, zida zamawu, mawu atsopano, "atsikana" (zomwe zidamupangitsa kukhala wofunikira kwambiri m'magulu ang'onoang'ono monga Salome, Butterfly, Musetta, etc.) komanso kuthawa kodabwitsa, ngakhale phokoso loboola, lomwe linapangitsa kuti woimbayo "adule" mosavuta gulu lililonse la okhestra lamphamvu kwambiri. Makhalidwe onsewa, malinga ndi ambiri, adapanga Velich kukhala woimba bwino wa Wagner repertoire, yomwe woimbayo, komabe, anakhalabe wosayanjanitsika mu ntchito yake yonse, poganizira kuti masewero a masewera a Wagner ndi osavomerezeka komanso osasangalatsa chifukwa cha kupsa mtima kwake.

M'mbiri ya opera, Velich anakhalabe makamaka ngati woimba wanzeru wa Salome, ngakhale kuti n'zopanda chilungamo kuti iye ndi Ammayi gawo limodzi, popeza iye anapindula kwambiri mu maudindo ena angapo (onse analipo pafupifupi makumi asanu a iwo. mu repertoire woimbayo), iyenso bwinobwino anachita mu operetta (Rosalind wake "Mleme" ndi I. Strauss pa siteji ya "Metropolitan" anayamikiridwa ndi ambiri osachepera Salome). Iye anali ndi luso lapadera monga zisudzo zisudzo, amene mu nthawi isanayambe Kallas sanali zimachitika kawirikawiri pa siteji opera. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kupsa mtima nthawi zina kunkamugonjetsa, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti azichita chidwi, kapena kuti asakhale ndi zochitika zoopsa pa siteji. Choncho, mu udindo wa Tosca mu sewero la "Metropolitan Opera", iye kwenikweni anamenya mnzake, amene ankaimba udindo wa wozunza wake Baron Scarpia: chigamulo cha fano anakumana ndi chisangalalo cha anthu, koma pambuyo sewerolo linayambitsa. zovuta kwambiri kwa oyang'anira zisudzo.

Kuchita kunalola Lyuba Velich kupanga ntchito yachiwiri atasiya siteji yaikulu, akuchita mafilimu ndi pa TV. Zina mwa ntchito mu filimuyi ndi filimu "Munthu Pakati ..." (1953), kumene woimba amasewera opera diva kachiwiri "Salome"; Makanema anyimbo a Nkhunda (1959, ndi Louis Armstrong), The Final Chord (1960, ndi Mario del Monaco) ndi ena. Okwana, filmography Lyuba Velich zikuphatikizapo 26 mafilimu. Woimbayo anamwalira pa September 2, 1996 ku Vienna.