Preduvanie |

Preduvanie - njira yotulutsira mawu aatali osiyanasiyana pamawu amphepo. zida popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mabowo, mavavu kapena mpweya. Pa zida zamkuwa zamkuwa P. - osn. mfundo yotulutsa phokoso, yamatabwa - imagwiritsidwa ntchito potulutsa mawu mu 2nd ndi 3 octaves yamtundu wawo. Ndi P., woimba, popanda kusintha malo a zala, kwambiri kumawonjezera mphamvu ya mpweya ndi kukanika kwa milomo, chifukwa ndime ya mpweya watsekedwa mu mbiya njira amagawidwa paokha. mbali zomwe zimamveka zokwera kuposa zazikulu. matani a chida chogwirizana ndi masitepe achilengedwe: mpweya wogawanika, womwe umagawidwa m'magawo awiri, umapereka phokoso lachirengedwe lachiwiri (octave kuchokera ku liwu lalikulu); 2 pa atatu - 2 phokoso lachilengedwe (octave kuphatikiza chachisanu kuchokera ku kamvekedwe kake); pa gawo la 3 - phokoso lachirengedwe la 3 (4 octaves kuchokera ku liwu lalikulu). Kugawanika kwina kwa mzere wa mpweya muzitsulo zamatabwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, mu mkuwa mothandizidwa ndi P. amafika ku phokoso lachilengedwe la 4. Pamene P. pa clarinet, chifukwa cha peculiarities za mapangidwe ake (cylindrical channel), osati 2, koma 16 phokoso lachilengedwe limatuluka, ndiko, osati octave, koma duodecime (otchedwa lachisanu P.). Pa oboes, clarinets, bassoons, pali apadera. Ma valve a "octave" omwe amathandizira P.

S. Ya. Levin