Maria Izrailevna Grinberg |

Maria Grinberg

"Ndimakonda mu kachitidwe kake kakumveketsa bwino kaganizidwe kake, kuzindikira kwenikweni tanthauzo la nyimbo, kukoma kosalakwitsa ... , koma monga njira yaikulu yofotokozera, njira yathunthu, komabe popanda mthunzi wa "ukoma". Ndikuwonanso mumasewera ake kuzama, malingaliro ndi malingaliro abwino ... "

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Okonda nyimbo ambiri omwe amadziwa bwino luso la Maria Grinberg adzavomerezana ndi kuwunika uku kwa GG Neuhaus. Mu ichi, wina anganene kuti, chikhalidwe chonse, ndikufuna kuwunikira mawu oti "mgwirizano". Zoonadi, chithunzi chaluso cha Maria Grinberg chinagonjetsa ndi kukhulupirika kwake komanso nthawi yomweyo kusinthasintha. Monga ofufuza a ntchito ya woyimba piyano, chochitika chotsiriza ichi makamaka chifukwa cha chikoka cha aphunzitsi omwe Grinberg anaphunzira nawo ku Moscow Conservatory. Atafika ku Odessa (aphunzitsi ake mpaka 1925 anali DS Aizberg), adalowa m'kalasi ya FM, Blumenfeld; pambuyo pake, KN Igumnov anakhala mtsogoleri wake, amene Grinberg anamaliza maphunziro awo ku Conservatory mu 1933. Ndipo ngati kuchokera ku FM Blumenfeld wojambula wachinyamatayo "adabwereka" zosiyanasiyana m'lingaliro labwino kwambiri la mawu, njira yaikulu yothetsera mavuto omasulira, ndiye kuchokera ku KN Igumnov, Grinberg anatengera kukhudzidwa kwa stylistic, luso la mawu.

Gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa luso la woyimba piyano linali Mpikisano Wachiwiri wa All-Union of Performing Oimba (1935): Grinberg adapambana mphotho yachiwiri. Mpikisanowo unakhala chiyambi cha zochitika zake zambiri zamakonsati. Komabe, kukwera kwa woyimba ku “Olympus yanyimbo” sikunali kophweka. Malinga ndi ndemanga yabwino ya J. Milshtein, “pali ochita sewero amene salandira nthaŵi yomweyo kuŵerengera kolondola ndi kokwanira… Amakula pang’onopang’ono, osapeza chisangalalo cha kupambana kokha, komanso kuwawidwa mtima kwa kugonja. Koma kumbali ina, iwo amakula organically, mosalekeza ndi kufika pamwamba pa zojambulajambula pazaka. Maria Grinberg ndi wa zisudzo zotere.

Monga woimba aliyense wamkulu, nyimbo zake, zomwe zimalemeretsedwa chaka ndi chaka, zinali zazikulu kwambiri, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuyankhula momveka bwino za machitidwe a woyimba piyano. Pa magawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko cha luso, adakopeka ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a nyimbo. Ndipo komabe ... Kale pakati pa zaka za m'ma 30s, A. Alschwang anatsindika kuti choyenera kwa Grinberg chinali luso lachikale. Anzake nthawi zonse ndi Bach, Scarlatti, Mozart, Beethoven. Palibe chifukwa, mu nyengo yomwe woyimba piyano wazaka 60 adakondwerera, adachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, omwe adaphatikizapo piano zonse za Beethoven. Popenda kale makonsati oyambirira a kuzungulira, K. Adzhemov anati: "Kutanthauzira kwa Grinberg sikuli kopanda maphunziro. Kusewera nthawi iliyonse kumazindikiridwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera a woyimba piyano, pomwe mithunzi yaying'ono ya nyimbo za Beethoven imawululidwa molondola pakufalitsa. Zolemba zodziwika bwino zimapeza moyo watsopano ndi mphamvu ya kudzoza kwa wojambula. Imagonjetsa chidwi cha kupanga nyimbo, mawu owona, owona mtima, chifuniro chosatha, ndipo, chofunika kwambiri, zithunzithunzi zomveka bwino. Kutsimikizika kwa mawu awa kumatha kuwonedwa ngakhale pano pomvera kujambula kwa ma sonatas onse a Beethoven, opangidwa ndi woyimba piyano mu 70s. Popenda ntchito yodabwitsa imeneyi, N. Yudenich analemba kuti: “Zojambula za Grinberg n’zodzala ndi mphamvu zamphamvu kwambiri. Mwa kukopa mikhalidwe yauzimu yabwino koposa ya womvetserayo, kumadzetsa kuyankha kwamphamvu ndi kosangalatsa. Kusatsutsika kwa kukhudzidwa kwa woyimba piyano kumafotokozedwa makamaka ndi kukopa kwa mayiko, "kusiyana" (kugwiritsa ntchito mawu a Glinka), kumveka bwino kwa kutembenuka kulikonse, ndime, mutu, ndipo, pamapeto pake, chilungamo chosangalatsa cha mawuwo. Grinberg amalowetsa omvera kudziko lokongola la ma sonatas a Beethoven mophweka, popanda kukhudzidwa, popanda mtunda wolekanitsa wojambula wodziwa zambiri kuchokera kwa omvera osadziwa. Mwansanga, kuona mtima kumaonekera mu kamvekedwe koyambirira ka kamvekedwe ka kachitidweko.

Kutsitsimuka kwadziko… Tanthauzo lolondola kwambiri lomwe limafotokoza chifukwa chake omvera amasewera a Maria Grinberg amakhudzidwa nthawi zonse. Anazipeza bwanji. Mwinamwake chinsinsi chachikulu chinali mu "General" kulenga mfundo ya woimba piyano, amene kamodzi anapanga motere: "Ngati tikufuna kupitiriza moyo ntchito iliyonse, tiyenera kuona ngati kuti zinalembedwa mu nthawi yathu."

Inde, kwa zaka zambiri za konsati, Greenberg wakhala akuimba mobwerezabwereza nyimbo zachikondi - Schubert, Schumann, Liszt, Chopin ndi ena. Koma zinali ndendende pamaziko awa kuti, malinga ndi kuonerera koyenera kwa mmodzi wa otsutsa, kusintha khalidwe kunachitika mu kalembedwe luso la wojambula. Mu ndemanga ya D. Rabinovich (1961) timawerenga kuti: "Lero simunganene kuti nzeru, yomwe ndi katundu wokhazikika wa luso la M. Grinberg, nthawi zina imakhala patsogolo pa kufulumira kwake. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, machitidwe ake nthawi zambiri amasangalala kuposa kukhudzidwa. Panali "kuzizira" pakuchita kwa M. Grinberg, komwe kunawonekera kwambiri pamene woimba piyano adatembenukira ku Chopin, Brahms, Rachmaninoff. Tsopano amadziwonetsera yekha osati mu nyimbo zachikale, zomwe zamubweretsera kupambana kochititsa chidwi kwambiri, komanso nyimbo zachikondi. "

Greenberg nthawi zambiri ankaphatikiza nyimbo m'mapulogalamu ake omwe sankadziwika bwino kwa anthu ambiri ndipo sankapezeka pazikwangwani zamakonsati. Chifukwa chake, m'modzi mwamasewera ake aku Moscow, omwe adalembedwa ndi Telemann, Graun, Soler, Seixas ndi olemba ena azaka za zana la XNUMX adamveka. Titha kutchulanso masewero omwe adayiwalika theka la Wiese, Lyadov ndi Glazunov, Tchaikovsky's Second Concerto, mmodzi wa omwe amafalitsa mwachangu nthawi yathu anakhala Maria Grinberg.

Nyimbo za Soviet zinalinso ndi bwenzi lenileni mwa iye. Monga chitsanzo chimodzi cha chidwi chake pakupanga nyimbo zamakono, pulogalamu yonse ya sonatas yolembedwa ndi olemba Soviet, yokonzekera chikumbutso cha 30 cha October, ikhoza kutumikira: Chachiwiri - ndi S. Prokofiev, Chachitatu - ndi D. Kabalevsky, Chachinayi - ndi V. Bely, Chachitatu - ndi M. Weinberg. Anaimba nyimbo zambiri za D. Shostakovich, B. Shekhter, A. Lokshin.

Mu ensembles, abwenzi a ojambulawo anali oimba N. Dorliak, A. Dolivo, S. Yakovenko, mwana wake wamkazi, woimba piyano N. Zabavnikova. Tikuwonjezera pa izi kuti Greenberg adalemba makonzedwe ambiri ndi makonzedwe a piano awiri. limba anayamba ntchito yake pedagogical mu 1959 pa Gnessin Institute, ndipo mu 1970 iye analandira udindo wa pulofesa.

Maria Grinberg adathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa zisudzo za Soviet. Munkhani yaifupi ya imfa ya T. Khrennikov, G. Sviridov ndi S. Richter, palinso mawu otsatirawa: "Kukula kwa talente yake kuli mu mphamvu yaikulu ya chikoka chachindunji, kuphatikizapo kuzama kwapadera, mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri. wa luso loimba piyano. Kutanthauzira kwake payekhapayekha pafupifupi chidutswa chilichonse chomwe amachita, kuthekera kwake "kuwerenga" lingaliro la wolemba mwanjira yatsopano, kunatsegula njira zatsopano zaluso.

Lit.: Milshtein Ya. Maria Grinberg. - M., 1958; Rabinovich D. Zithunzi za oimba piyano. -M., 1970.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.