Marian Anderson |

Marian Anderson

Contralto wa African-American Marian Anderson amachita chidwi ndi zingapo zapadera. M'menemo, pamodzi ndi luso lodabwitsa la mawu ndi nyimbo zomveka bwino, muli anthu olemekezeka kwambiri amkati, kulowa mkati, kamvekedwe kabwino kwambiri komanso kulemera kwa timbre. Kudzipatula kwake ku mikangano yapadziko lapansi ndi kusakhalapo konse kwa narcissism kumapanga chithunzi cha mtundu wina wa chisomo cha umulungu 'kutuluka'. Ufulu wamkati ndi chibadwa cha kutulutsa mawu ndizodabwitsa. Kaya mumamvera machitidwe a Anderson a Bach ndi Handel kapena Negro zauzimu, nthawi yosinkhasinkha zamatsenga imawuka, yomwe ilibe zofanana ...

Marian Anderson anabadwira m'dera lina lachikuda la Philadelphia, bambo ake anamwalira ali ndi zaka 12, ndipo analeredwa ndi amayi ake. Kuyambira ali wamng’ono, anasonyeza luso loimba. Msungwanayu anayimba mu kwaya ya tchalitchi cha mpingo wina wa Baptist ku Filadelfia. Anderson akulankhula mwatsatanetsatane za moyo wake wovuta ndikuimba 'mayunivesite' m'buku lake lodziwika bwino la 'Lord, what a morning' (1956, New York), zidutswa zake zomwe zinasindikizidwa mu 1965 m'dziko lathu (Sat. 'Performing Arts of Foreign Countries'). ', M., 1962).

Ataphunzira ndi mphunzitsi wotchuka Giuseppe Bogetti (J. Pierce pakati pa ophunzira ake), ndiyeno mu studio ya F. La Forge (yemwe anaphunzitsa M. Talley, L. Tibbett ndi oimba ena otchuka), Anderson anapanga kuwonekera kwake pa nyimbo konsati siteji mu 1925, komabe, popanda kupambana kwambiri. Atapambana mpikisano woimba wokonzedwa ndi New York Philharmonic, Bungwe la National Association of Negro Musicians limapereka mwayi kwa wojambula wachinyamatayo kuti apitirize maphunziro ake ku England, kumene talente yake inadziwika ndi wotsogolera wotchuka Henry Wood. Mu 1929, Anderson adayamba ku Carnegie Hall. Komabe, kusankhana mitundu kunalepheretsa woimbayo kuti adziwike padziko lonse ndi anthu apamwamba a ku America. Amanyamukanso kupita ku Dziko Lakale. Mu 1930, ulendo wake wopambana wa ku Ulaya unayamba ku Berlin. Marian akupitiriza kupititsa patsogolo luso lake, amaphunzira maphunziro angapo kuchokera kwa woimba wotchuka wa Mahler Madame Charles Caille. Mu 1935, Anderson anapereka konsati pa Salzburg Festival. Kumeneko ndi kumene luso lake linakondweretsa Toscanini. Mu 1934-35. iye anapita ku USSR.

Mu 1935, pakuchita Arthur Rubinstein, msonkhano waukulu pakati pa Marian Anderson ndi impresario wamkulu, mbadwa ya Russia, Saul Yurok (dzina lenileni la mbadwa ya Bryansk dera - Solomon Gurkov) unachitika ku Paris. Anatha kupanga dzenje m'malingaliro a Achimereka, pogwiritsa ntchito Chikumbutso cha Lincoln pa izi. Pa April 9, 1939, anthu 75 amene anali pa masitepe a miyala ya miyala ya pa Chikumbutso anamvetsera kuimba kwa woimba wamkuluyo, amene tsopano wakhala chizindikiro cha kulimbana kwa mafuko. Kuyambira pamenepo, Purezidenti wa US Roosevelt, Eisenhower, ndipo kenako Kennedy adalemekezedwa kulandira Marian Anderson. Wanzeru konsati ntchito wojambula, amene repertoire m'gulu ntchito mawu-zida ndi chipinda cha Bach, Handel, Beethoven, Schubert, Schumann, Mahler, Sibelius, ntchito ndi Gershwin ndi ena ambiri, inatha April 000, 18 ku Carnegie Hall. Woimba wamkulu anamwalira pa April 1965, 8 ku Portland.

Kamodzi kokha mu ntchito yake yonse, wodziwika bwino wa Negro diva adatembenukira ku mtundu wa zisudzo. Mu 1955, adakhala mkazi woyamba wakuda kuchita nawo Metropolitan Opera. Izi zinachitika m'zaka za utsogoleri wa Rudolf Bing wotchuka. Umu ndi mmene akulongosolera mfundo yofunika imeneyi:

'Maonekedwe a Mayi Anderson - woimba woyamba wakuda m'mbiri ya zisudzo, woimba maphwando akuluakulu, pa siteji 'Metropolitan' - iyi ndi imodzi mwa nthawi zomwe ndimachitira masewera, zomwe ndimakondwera nazo. . Ndakhala ndikufuna kuchita izi kuyambira chaka changa choyamba ku Met, koma mpaka 1954 tinakhala ndi gawo loyenera - Ulrika ku Un ballo ku maschera - zomwe zimafuna kuchitapo kanthu pang'ono ndipo chifukwa chake kubwerezabwereza kochepa, komwe kuli kofunikira kwa wojambula. . , konsati yotanganidwa kwambiri, ndipo mbali imeneyi sinali yofunika kwambiri kotero kuti mawu a woimbayo sanalinso m’chimake.

Ndipo ndi zonsezi, kuyitanidwa kwake kunatheka chifukwa cha mwayi wamwayi: pa imodzi mwa maphwando omwe anakonzedwa ndi Saul Yurok ku ballet 'Sadler's Wells', ndinakhala pafupi naye. Nthawi yomweyo tinakambirana za chibwenzi chake, ndipo zonse zidakonzedwa m'masiku ochepa. Bungwe la Matrasti a Metropolitan Opera silinali m'gulu la mabungwe ambiri omwe adatumiza zabwino zawo zitamveka…'. Pa Okutobala 9, 1954, The New York Times imadziwitsa owerenga za kusaina pangano la zisudzo ndi Anderson.

Ndipo January 7, 1955 mbiri kuwonekera koyamba kugulu la American diva unachitika mu zisudzo waukulu wa United States. Oimba angapo odziwika bwino adatenga nawo gawo pawonetsero: Richard Tucker (Richard), Zinka Milanova (Amelia), Leonard Warren (Renato), Roberta Peters (Oscar). Kumbuyo kwa kondakitala kunali mmodzi wa kondakitala wamkulu kwambiri wa m’zaka za zana la 20, Dimitrios Mitropoulos.

E. Tsodokov