Sergei Artemyevich Balasanian |

Sergey Yankho

Nyimbo za wolemba uyu nthawi zonse zimakhala zoyambirira, zachilendo, zachilendo ndipo, pozimvetsera, mumagwa pansi pa chithumwa chosatsutsika cha kukongola ndi kutsitsimuka. A. Khachaturyan

Chilengedwe S. Balasanyan kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Pokhala ndi mizu yolimba mu chikhalidwe cha Armenia, adaphunzira ndipo poyamba adalemba zolemba za anthu ambiri m'ntchito zake. Balasanyan anabadwira ku Ashgabat. Mu 1935 iye anamaliza maphunziro a dipatimenti wailesi ya mbiri ndi theoretical mphamvu ya Moscow Conservatory, kumene A. Alschwang anali mtsogoleri wake. Balasanyan adaphunzira zolemba zake kwa chaka chimodzi mumsonkhano wopanga zinthu womwe unapangidwa motengera ophunzira. Apa mphunzitsi wake anali D. Kabalevsky. Kuyambira 1936, moyo Balasanyan ndi kulenga zikugwirizana ndi Dushanbe, kumene iye akubwera yekha kukonzekera khumi zikubwerazi za mabuku ndi luso la Tajikistan ku Moscow. Malo ogwirira ntchito anali achonde: maziko a chikhalidwe cha akatswiri oimba anali kungokhazikitsidwa m'dzikoli, ndipo Balasanyan amagwira nawo ntchito yomangayi monga wolemba, woimba komanso woimba nyimbo, folklorist ndi mphunzitsi. Zinali zofunikira kuphunzitsa oimba kuwerenga nyimbo, kuphunzitsa mwa iwo ndi mwa omvera awo chizolowezi cha polyphony ndi kusinthasintha. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, amaphunzira nthano za dziko ndi maqom akale kuti awagwiritse ntchito m'ntchito yake.

Mu 1937, Balasanyan analemba sewero la nyimbo "Vose" (sewero la A. Dehoti, M. Tursunzade, G. Abdullo). Anali wotsogolera wa opera yake yoyamba, The Rising of Vose (1939), yomwe inakhala opera yoyamba ya Tajik akatswiri. Chiwembu chake chimachokera ku kuwukira kwa alimi motsutsana ndi ambuye am'deralo mu 1883-85. motsogozedwa ndi onse odziwika bwino. Mu 1941, opera The Blacksmith Kova idawonekera (yomasulidwa ndi A. Lakhuti yochokera ku Shahnameh Firdowsi). Woyimba nyimbo wa Tajik Sh. Bobokalonov anatenga gawo mu chilengedwe chake, nyimbo zake, pamodzi ndi anthu enieni ndi nyimbo zakale, zinaphatikizidwa mu opera. "Ndinkafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wochulukirachulukira wa nthano za Tajik kwambiri… Apa ndidayesa kupeza njira yolumikizirana…” Balasanyan analemba. Mu 1941, sewero la The Rebellion of Vose ndi The Blacksmith Kova linachitidwa ku Moscow m'zaka khumi za mabuku ndi luso la Tajikistan. M'zaka za nkhondo, Balasanyan, yemwe anakhala wapampando woyamba wa bungwe la Union of Composers of Tajikistan, anapitiriza kupeka ndi zochitika za anthu. Mu 1942-43. iye ndi wotsogolera zaluso wa nyumba ya opera ku Dushanbe. Pogwirizana ndi wolemba nyimbo wa Tajik Z. Shahidi Balasanyan amapanga sewero la nyimbo "Rosia" (1942), komanso sewero la nyimbo "Song of Anger" (1942) - ntchito zomwe zinakhala yankho ku zochitika za nkhondo. Mu 1943 woimba anasamukira ku Moscow. Anagwira ntchito ngati wachiwiri kwa wapampando wa All-Union Radio Committee (1949-54), ndiye (poyamba apo ndi apo, ndipo kuyambira 1955 mpaka kalekale) anaphunzitsa ku Moscow Conservatory. Koma kulumikizana kwake ndi nyimbo za Tajik sikunasokonezedwe. Panthawi imeneyi, Balasanyan analemba ballet yake yotchuka "Leyli ndi Majnun" (1947) ndi opera "Bakhtior ndi Nisso" (1954) (yochokera pa buku la P. Luknitsky "Nisso") - opera yoyamba ya Tajik yochokera pa chiwembu. pafupi ndi masiku ano (okhala oponderezedwa a mudzi wa Pamir wa Siatang pang'onopang'ono akuzindikira kubwera kwa moyo watsopano).

Mu ballet "Leyli ndi Majnun" Balasanyan anatembenukira ku Indian buku la nthano wotchuka kum'mawa, malinga ndi zimene Leyli ndi wansembe wamkazi mu kachisi (lib. S. Penina). Mu Baibulo lachiwiri la kuvina (1956), zochitika zinasamutsidwa ku dziko lakale la Sogdiana, lomwe lili pa malo a masiku ano Tajikistan. M'kopeli, wolembayo amagwiritsa ntchito mitu ya anthu, kugwiritsa ntchito miyambo ya dziko la Tajik (chikondwerero cha tulip). Sewero lanyimbo la ballet limatengera ma leitmotifs. Odziwika kwambiri amapatsidwanso nawo - Leyli ndi Majnun, omwe nthawi zonse amayesetsa wina ndi mzake, omwe misonkhano yawo (yomwe imachitika kwenikweni kapena yongoganizira) - duet adagios - ndiyo nthawi yofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha zochita. Ananyamuka ndi nyimbo zawo, kudzaza m'maganizo, ziwonetsero zamagulu osiyanasiyana - magule a atsikana ndi magule achimuna. Mu 1964, Balasanyan adapanga kope lachitatu la ballet, momwe adawonetsera pa siteji ya Bolshoi Theatre ya USSR ndi Kremlin Palace of Congresses (mbali zazikuluzikulu zinkachitidwa ndi N. Bessmertnova ndi V. Vasiliev).

Mu 1956 Balasanyan adatembenukira ku nyimbo za Afghanistan. Ili ndiye "Afghan Suite" ya oimba, yomwe imaphatikizapo gawo la kuvina m'mawonekedwe ake osiyanasiyana, ndiye pali "Afghan Pictures" (1959) - kuzungulira kwa ting'onoting'ono zisanu towala mumalingaliro.

Gawo lofunika kwambiri la zilakolako za Balasanyan likugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha Armenia. Pempho loyamba kwa iye linali zachikondi pa mavesi a V. Terian (1944) ndi tingachipeze powerenga ndakatulo dziko A. Isahakyan (1955). Zopambana zazikulu zopanga zidali nyimbo za orchestra - "Armenian Rhapsody" wamunthu wowoneka bwino wa konsati (1944) makamaka nyimbo zisanu ndi ziwiri za Armenian Songs (1955), zomwe wolembayo adazifotokoza ngati "zithunzi zamitundu". Mtundu wa orchestra wa nyimboyi ndi wochititsa chidwi kwambiri, wouziridwa ndi zithunzi za moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndi chilengedwe ku Armenia. Mu Nyimbo Zisanu ndi Ziwiri za Chiameniya, Balasanyan adagwiritsa ntchito nyimbo zochokera ku Komitas' Ethnographic Collection. Wolemba nyimbo wina dzina lake Y. Butsko, wophunzira wa ku Balasanyan analemba kuti: “Mtundu wochititsa chidwi wa nyimbo zimenezi ndi njira yanzeru yochitira zinthu ndi anthu oimba nyimbo. Zaka zambiri pambuyo pake, zosonkhanitsira za Komitas zidalimbikitsa Balasanyan kuti agwire ntchito yofunika kwambiri - kukonza piyano. Umu ndi momwe Nyimbo za Armenia (1969) zimawonekera - tinthu tating'onoting'ono 100, tophatikizidwa m'mabuku 6. Wolembayo amatsatira mosamalitsa dongosolo la nyimbo zojambulidwa ndi Komitas, osasintha mawu amodzi mwa iwo. Nyimbo zisanu ndi zinayi za Komitas za mezzo-soprano ndi baritone zotsagana ndi orchestra (1956), Zidutswa zisanu ndi zitatu za oimba a zingwe pamitu ya Komitas (1971), zidutswa zisanu ndi chimodzi za violin ndi piyano (1970) zimalumikizidwanso ndi ntchito ya Komitas. Dzina lina m'mbiri ya chikhalidwe cha Armenia linakopa chidwi cha Balasanyan - ashug Sayat-Nova. Choyamba, amalemba nyimbo pawailesi ya "Sayat-Nova" (1956) yochokera ku ndakatulo ya G. Saryan, kenako amapanga matembenuzidwe Atatu a nyimbo za Sayat-Nova za mawu ndi piyano (1957). The Symphony Yachiwiri ya String Orchestra (1974) imalumikizidwanso ndi nyimbo za ku Armenia, momwe zida zamanyimbo akale a ku Armenian monodic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Tsamba lina lofunika kwambiri la ntchito ya Balasanyan ndilogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha India ndi Indonesia. Amalemba nyimbo zamasewero a pawailesi a Mtengo Wamadzi (1955) ndi The Flowers Are Red (1956) zochokera ku nkhani za Krishnan Chandra; Sewero la N. Guseva "Ramayana" (1960), lomwe linachitikira ku Central Children's Theatre; Zokonda zisanu pamavesi a wolemba ndakatulo waku India Suryakant Tripathi Nirano (1965), "Islands of Indonesia" (1960, 6 zojambula zamitundu yachilendo), amakonza nyimbo zinayi za ana aku Indonesia zolembedwa ndi Reni Putirai Kaya zamawu ndi piyano (1961). Mu 1962-63 wolemba amalenga ballet "Shakuntala" (zochokera sewero la dzina lomweli ndi Kalidasa). Balasanyan amaphunzira zachikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha India. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, mu 1961 anapita kudziko lino. M'chaka chomwecho, Rhapsody yoimba pa mitu ya Rabindranath Tagore, yochokera ku nyimbo zenizeni za Tagore, ndi Nyimbo Six za Rabindranath Tagore za mawu ndi okhestra zidawonekera. "Sergey Artemyevich Balasanyan ali ndi chiyanjano chapadera ndi Tagore," akutero wophunzira wake N. Korndorf, "Tagor ndi" "wolemba" wake, ndipo izi zimafotokozedwa osati m'malemba pa nkhani za wolembayo, komanso mu ubale wina wauzimu wa ojambula."

Chikhalidwe cha zokonda za Balasanyan sichimangokhala ndi ntchito zomwe zalembedwa. Wopekanso adatembenukira ku nthano za ku Africa (Nyimbo Zinayi za Folk Africa za mawu ndi piyano - 1961), Latin America (Nyimbo ziwiri zaku Latin America zamawu ndi piyano - 1961), adalemba momasuka 5 ballads My Land for baritone ndi piyano. kwa mavesi a wolemba ndakatulo waku Cameroon Elolonge Epanya Yondo (1962). Kuchokera kuzungulira uku pali njira yopita ku Symphony ya kwaya ndi cappella kupita ku mavesi a E. Mezhelaitis ndi K. Kuliev (1968), magawo atatu omwe ("Mabelu a Buchenwald", "Lullaby", "Icariad") ali. ogwirizana ndi mutu wa kulingalira kwa filosofi pa tsogolo la munthu ndi umunthu.

Zina mwa nyimbo zaposachedwa kwambiri za Balasanyan ndi nyimbo zomveka bwino za Sonata za cello solo (1976), ndakatulo yoyimba nyimbo "Amethyst" (pa vesi la E. Mezhelaitis potengera zolinga za Tagore - 1977). (Mu 1971, Balasanyan ndi Mezhelaitis anayenda pamodzi ku India.) M'malemba a Amethyst, maiko a 2 akuwoneka kuti akugwirizana - filosofi ya Tagore ndi ndakatulo ya Mezhelaitis.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, zolemba za Chiameniya zawonekeranso m'ntchito ya Balasanyan - nkhani zazifupi zinayi za piano ziwiri "Across Armenia" (1978), "Moni kwa inu, chisangalalo" (pa G. Emin, 1979), "Kuchokera ku Middle Ages. Armenian ndakatulo “(at the station N. Kuchak, 1981). Pokhalabe mwana wokhulupirika wa dziko lakwawo, wolemba nyimboyo adalandira mu ntchito yake nyimbo zambiri zochokera kumitundu yosiyanasiyana, pokhala chitsanzo cha mayiko enieni muzojambula.

N. Aleksenko