Nikolai Peyko |

Nikolai Peyko

Ndimasilira luso lake monga mphunzitsi ndi wopeka nyimbo, ndimamuona ngati munthu wanzeru kwambiri komanso wachiyero chauzimu. S. Gubaidulina

Ntchito iliyonse yatsopano ya N. Peiko imadzutsa chidwi chenicheni cha omvera, imakhala chochitika mu moyo wa nyimbo monga chodabwitsa komanso choyambirira cha chikhalidwe cha zojambulajambula za dziko. Kukumana ndi woyimba nyimbo ndi mwayi wolankhulana zauzimu ndi anthu amasiku ano, mozama komanso mozama zovuta zamakhalidwe adziko lapansi. Wolembayo amagwira ntchito molimbika komanso mwamphamvu, molimba mtima akudziwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyimbo. Analenga 8 symphonies, chiwerengero chachikulu cha ntchito kwa oimba, 3 ballets, opera, cantatas, oratorios, chipinda-zida ndi mawu ntchito, nyimbo zisudzo zisudzo, mafilimu, wailesi.

Peiko anabadwira m’banja lanzeru. Mu ubwana ndi unyamata, maphunziro ake oimba anali a chikhalidwe amateur. Msonkhano wa mwayi ndi G. Litinsky, yemwe adayamikira kwambiri talente ya mnyamatayo, adasintha tsogolo la Peiko: adakhala wophunzira wa dipatimenti ya nyimbo za koleji, ndipo mu 1937 adaloledwa ku chaka chachitatu cha Moscow Conservatory. kumene anamaliza maphunziro ake mu kalasi ya N. Myaskovsky. Kale mu 40s. Peiko adadziwonetsa yekha ngati wopeka wa talente yowala komanso yoyambirira, komanso ngati munthu wapagulu, komanso ngati wotsogolera. Ntchito zofunika kwambiri za 40-50s. kusonyeza luso la kukula; pakusankha mitu, ziwembu, malingaliro, moyo wanzeru, kuyang'ana kofunikira, zokonda zapadziko lonse lapansi, kufalikira kwa malingaliro ndi chikhalidwe chapamwamba zikuwonetseredwa.

Peiko ndi wobadwa wa symphonist. Kale mu ntchito yoyambirira ya symphonic, mawonekedwe a kalembedwe kake amatsimikiziridwa, omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwamalingaliro amkati amalingaliro ndi mawu ake oletsa. Chinthu chochititsa chidwi cha ntchito ya Peiko ndi kukopa miyambo ya anthu a dziko lapansi. Kusiyanasiyana kwa zofuna za chikhalidwe cha anthu kunasonyezedwa pakulengedwa kwa opera yoyamba ya Bashkir "Aikhylu" (pamodzi ndi M. Valeev, 1941), mu "Kuchokera ku Nthano za Yakut", mu "Moldavian Suite", mu Zigawo Zisanu ndi ziwiri pa Mitu. a Peoples of the USSR, etc. Mu ntchito izi wolembayo adayendetsedwa ndi chikhumbo chowonetsera zamakono kupyolera mu prism ya malingaliro oimba ndi ndakatulo a anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana.

60-70s Ndi nthawi yochita bwino komanso kukhwima. Ballet Joan wa Arc adabweretsa kutchuka kunja, kupangidwa kwake kudatsogoleredwa ndi ntchito yolimbikira pazoyambira - nyimbo zamaluso ndi akatswiri aku France akale. Panthawi imeneyi, mutu wokonda dziko la ntchito yake unakhazikitsidwa ndipo unamveka mwamphamvu, kugwirizana ndi pempho la zipilala za mbiri yakale ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu a ku Russia, zochita zawo zolimba mu nkhondo yapitayi. Zina mwa ntchitozi ndi oratorio "Usiku wa Tsar Ivan" (zochokera ku nkhani ya AK Tolstoy "Silver Prince"), ndi symphonic cycle "In the Strade of War". Mu 80s. mogwirizana ndi malangizowa, zotsatirazi zinalengedwa: oratorio "Masiku a nkhondo zakale" potengera chipilala cha mabuku akale achi Russia "Zadonshchina", chipinda cha cantata "Pinezhie" chochokera ku ntchito za F. Abramov.

Zaka zonsezi, nyimbo za orchestra zikupitiriza kukhala patsogolo pa ntchito ya wolemba. Nyimbo zake za 70 ndi XNUMX, Symphony Concerto, zomwe zimapanga miyambo yabwino ya Russian epic symphony, adalandira kudandaula kwakukulu kwa anthu. Kusiyanasiyana kwa mitundu ya mawu ndi mitundu yomwe Peiko adalandira ndi yochititsa chidwi. Ntchito zamawu ndi piyano (zopitilira XNUMX) zimaphatikiza chikhumbo cha kumvetsetsa kwamakhalidwe ndi filosofi ya zolemba zandakatulo za A. Blok, S. Yesenin, ndakatulo zakale zaku China komanso zamakono zaku America. Kudandaula kwakukulu kwa anthu kunalandiridwa ndi ntchito zochokera ku mavesi a ndakatulo za Soviet - A. Surkov, N. Zabolotsky, D. Kedrin, V. Nabokov.

Peiko amasangalala ndi ulamuliro wosakayikitsa pakati pa oimba achichepere. Kuchokera m'kalasi mwake (ndipo wakhala akuphunzitsa kuyambira 1942 ku Moscow Conservatory, kuyambira 1954 ku Gnessin Institute) kunatuluka mlalang'amba wonse wa oimba otukuka kwambiri (E. Ptichkin, E. Tumanyan, A. Zhurbin, ndi ena).

L. Rapatskaya

Zolemba:

kuimba Aikhylu (yolembedwa ndi MM Valeev, 1943, Ufa; 2nd ed., co-author, 1953, full); ballet – Spring mphepo (pamodzi ndi 3. V. Khabibulin, zochokera buku la K. Nadzhimy, 1950), Jeanne d'Arc (1957, Musical Theatre dzina la Stanislavsky ndi Nemirovich-Danchenko, Moscow), Birch Grove (1964) ; kwa oimba solo, kwaya ndi okhestra - Cantata Builders of the Future (nyimbo za NA Zabolotsky, 1952), oratorio The Night of Tsar Ivan (pambuyo pa AK Tolstoy, 1967); za orchestra - ma symphonies (1946; 1946-1960; 1957; 1965; 1969; 1972; konsati-symphony, 1974), suites Kuchokera ku nthano za Yakut (1940; 2nd ed. 1957), Kuchokera ku Russia zakale 1948; 2 wakale. Moldavian suite (1963), symphonietta (1950), zosiyana (1940), zidutswa 1947 pamitu ya anthu a USSR (7), Symphonic ballad (1951), overture To the world (1959), Capriccio (kwa symphonic yaying'ono). orc., 1961); kwa piyano ndi orchestra - konsati (1954); kwa violin ndi oimba - Concert Fantasy pa Finnish Themes (1953), 2nd Concert Fantasy (1964); ma ensembles a chipinda - 3 zingwe. quartet (1963, 1965, 1976), fp. quintet (1961), decimet (1971); za piyano - 2 sonatas (1950, 1975), 3 sonatas (1942, 1943, 1957), zosiyana (1957), etc.; kwa mawu ndi piyano - wokha. cycles Heart of a Warrior (mawu a olemba ndakatulo aku Soviet, 1943), Harlem Night Sounds (mawu a ndakatulo aku US, 1946-1965), 3 nyimbo. zithunzi (nyimbo za SA Yesenin, 1960), Lyric cycle (lyrics by G. Apollinaire, 1961), 8 wok. ndakatulo ndi triptych Mawonekedwe a Autumn pa mavesi a HA Zabolotsky (1970, 1976), zachikondi pa mawu. AA Blok (1944-65), Bo-Jui-i (1952) ndi ena; nyimbo za sewero. t-ra, mafilimu ndi mawailesi.

Ntchito zamalemba: Za nyimbo za Yakuts "SM", 1940, No 2 (ndi I. Shteiman); 27 symphony ndi N. Ya. Myaskovsky, m'buku: N. Ya. Myaskovsky Zolemba, makalata, ma memoirs, vol. 1, M., 1959; Zokumbukira mphunzitsi, ibid.; G. Berlioz - R. Strauss - S. Gorchakov. Pa kope la Chirasha la Berlioz la "Treatise", "SM", 1974, No 1; Zida ziwiri zazing'ono. (Kusanthula kwamasewera a O. Messiaen ndi V. Lutoslavsky), mu Sat: Music and Modernity, vol. 9, M., 1975.

Zothandizira: Belyaev V., Symphonic ntchito za N. Peiko, "SM", 1947, No 5; Boganova T., Za nyimbo za N. Peiko, ibid., 1962, No 2; Grigoryeva G., NI Peiko. Moscow, 1965. yake, Vocal Lyrics ndi N. Peiko ndi kuzungulira kwake pa mavesi a N. Zabolotsky, mu Sat: Music and Modernity, vol. 8, M., 1974.