Vissarion Yakovlevich Shebalin |

Vissarion Shebalin

Munthu aliyense ayenera kukhala womanga, ndipo Motherland ayenera kukhala kachisi wake. V. Shebalin

Mu V. Shebalin the Artist, Master, the Citizen ali olumikizana mosagwirizana. Umphumphu wa chikhalidwe chake ndi kukopa kwa maonekedwe ake kulenga, kudzichepetsa, kulabadira, wosanyengerera, ndi amene ankadziwa Shebalin ndi kulankhula naye. “Anali munthu wodabwitsa modabwitsa. Kukoma mtima kwake, kuona mtima kwake, kumamatira kwapadera kwa mfundo za makhalidwe abwino zandisangalatsa nthaŵi zonse,” analemba motero D. Shostakovich. Shebalin anali ndi chidwi chamakono. Analowa m'dziko lazojambula ndi chikhumbo chopanga ntchito zogwirizana ndi nthawi yomwe anakhala ndikuwona zochitika zomwe iye anali. Mitu ya zolemba zake imawonekera kwambiri chifukwa cha kufunika kwake, kufunika kwake komanso kuzama kwake. Koma ukulu wawo susowa kuseri kwa chidzalo chawo chakuya chamkati ndi mphamvu yamakhalidwe yofotokozera, yomwe siingathe kuperekedwa ndi zotsatira zakunja, zowonetsera. Zimafuna mtima woyera ndi mzimu wowolowa manja.

Shebalin anabadwira m’banja la anthu aluntha. Mu 1921, adalowa ku Omsk Musical College m'kalasi ya M. Nevitov (wophunzira wa R. Gliere), yemwe, atabwereza ntchito zambiri za olemba osiyanasiyana, anayamba kudziwa bwino ntchito za N. Myaskovsky. . Anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi mnyamatayo kuti anasankha yekha: m'tsogolomu, pitirizani kuphunzira ndi Myaskovsky. Chikhumbo chimenechi chinakwaniritsidwa mu 1923, pamene Shebalin anafika ku Moscow atamaliza maphunziro awo ku koleji pasanathe nthaŵi yake ndipo analoledwa ku Moscow Conservatory. Panthawiyi, katundu wa kulenga wa woimbayo anaphatikizapo nyimbo zingapo za oimba, zidutswa zingapo za piyano, zokondana ndi ndakatulo za R. Demel, A. Akhmatova, Sappho, chiyambi cha Quartet Yoyamba, etc. Monga wophunzira wa chaka cha 2 pa Conservatory, adalemba First Symphony (1925) . Ndipo ngakhale mosakayika adawonetsabe mphamvu ya Myaskovsky, yemwe, monga Shebalin amakumbukira pambuyo pake, "anayang'ana m'kamwa mwake" ndikumutenga ngati "munthu wapamwamba", komabe, kulenga kowala kwa wolemba, ndi chikhumbo chake cha kuganiza payekha. Simphoniyi inalandiridwa mwachikondi ku Leningrad mu November 1926 ndipo inalandira yankho labwino kwambiri kuchokera kwa atolankhani. Patapita miyezi ingapo, B. Asafiev analemba m’magazini ya “Nyimbo ndi Kusintha”: “… Iye adzatembenuka, natambasula, nadzaimba nyimbo yamphamvu ndi yosangalatsa ya moyo.

Mawu amenewa anakhala aulosi. Shebalin akupeza mphamvu chaka ndi chaka, luso lake ndi luso lake zikukulirakulira. Atamaliza maphunziro awo ku Conservatory (1928), anakhala mmodzi wa ophunzira ake oyambirira omaliza maphunziro, ndipo anaitanidwa kukaphunzitsa. Kuyambira 1935 wakhala pulofesa pa Conservatory, ndipo kuyambira 1942 wakhala mkulu wake. Ntchito zolembedwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana zimawoneka motsatizanatsatizana: symphony yochititsa chidwi "Lenin" (kwa owerenga, oimba nyimbo, kwaya ndi oimba), yomwe ndi ntchito yoyamba yayikulu yolembedwa ndi mavesi a V. Mayakovsky, ma symphony 5, chipinda chambiri. zida zoimbira, kuphatikiza 9 quartets, 2 operas ("Kuweta kwa Shrew" ndi "The Sun over the steppe"), 2 ballets ("Lark", "Memories of Days Past"), operetta "Mkwati wochokera ku The Embassy”, 2 cantatas, 3 orchestral suites, oposa 70 kwaya, pafupifupi 80 nyimbo ndi zachikondi, nyimbo pa wailesi, mafilimu (22), zisudzo zisudzo (35).

Kusinthasintha kotereku, kufalikira kotakata kumakhala kofanana ndi Shebalin. Iye anabwereza mobwerezabwereza kwa ophunzira ake kuti: “Wopeka nyimbo ayenera kukhala wokhoza kuchita chirichonse.” Mosakayikira mawu oterowo akananenedwa kokha ndi munthu amene anali wodziŵa bwino zinsinsi zonse za kupeka kwa luso ndi amene angakhale chitsanzo chabwino chotsatira. Komabe, chifukwa cha manyazi kwambiri ndi kudzichepetsa Vissarion Yakovlevich, pamene kuphunzira ndi ophunzira, pafupifupi konse anatchula nyimbo zake. Ngakhale pamene adayamikiridwa chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwa izi kapena ntchitoyo, adayesa kusokoneza zokambiranazo kumbali. Chotero, poyamikira kupanga bwino kwa sewero lake lakuti The Taming of the Shrew, Shebalin, anachita manyazi ndi ngati akudzilungamitsa yekha, anayankha kuti: “Pali…

Mndandanda wa ophunzira ake (iye anaphunzitsanso zikuchokera ku Central Music School ndi kusukulu ya Moscow Conservatory) ndi chidwi osati chiwerengero, komanso zikuchokera: T. Khrennikov. A. Spadavekkia, T. Nikolaeva, K. Khachaturyan, A. Pakhmutova, S. Slonimsky, B. Tchaikovsky, S. Gubaidulina, E. Denisov, A. Nikolaev, R. Ledenev, N. Karetnikov, V. Agafonnikov, V. Kuchera (Czechoslovakia), L. Auster, V. Enke (Estonia) ndi ena. Onsewa ali ogwirizana ndi chikondi ndi ulemu waukulu kwa mphunzitsi - munthu wa chidziwitso cha encyclopedic ndi luso losiyanasiyana, amene palibe chomwe chinali chosatheka kwenikweni. Iye ankadziwa bwino ndakatulo ndi mabuku, analemba ndakatulo yekha, ankadziwa bwino zaluso, ankalankhula Chilatini, Chifalansa, Chijeremani ndipo ankagwiritsa ntchito matembenuzidwe akeake (mwachitsanzo, ndakatulo za H. Heine). Analankhulana ndipo anali wochezeka ndi anthu ambiri otchuka a nthawi yake: ndi V. Mayakovsky, E. Bagritsky, N. Aseev, M. Svetlov, M. Bulgakov, A. Fadeev, Vs. Meyerhold, O. Knipper-Chekhova, V. Stanitsyn, N. Khmelev, S. Eisenstein, Ya. Protazanov ndi ena.

Shebalin adathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa miyambo ya chikhalidwe cha dziko. Kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane, mozama za ntchito za akale achi Russia omwe adamupangitsa kuti agwire ntchito yofunika pakubwezeretsa, kumaliza ndi kukonza ntchito zambiri za M. Glinka (Symphony pa 2 Russian themes, Septet, masewera olimbitsa thupi, etc.) , M. Mussorgsky ("Sorochinsky Fair") , S. Gulak-Artemovsky (II mchitidwe wa opera "Zaporozhets kupitirira Danube"), P. Tchaikovsky, S. Taneyev.

Ntchito yolenga ndi chikhalidwe cha wolembayo inalembedwa ndi mphoto zapamwamba za boma. Mu 1948, Shebalin analandira dipuloma kumpatsa mutu wa People's Artist of the Republic, ndipo chaka chomwecho chinakhala chaka cha mayesero aakulu kwa iye. Mu February Lamulo la Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks "Pa opera" Great Friendship "" ndi V. Muradeli, ntchito yake, monga ntchito ya anzake ndi anzake - Shostakovich, Prokofiev, Myaskovsky, Khachaturian. , anadzudzulidwa mwamphamvu ndi mopanda chilungamo. Ndipo ngakhale patapita zaka 10 izo anakanidwa, pa nthawi imeneyo Shebalin anachotsedwa utsogoleri wa Conservatory ndi ngakhale ntchito yophunzitsa. Thandizo lidachokera ku Institute of Military Conductors, komwe Shebalin adayamba kuphunzitsa kenako kutsogolera dipatimenti ya Music Theory. Pambuyo pa zaka 3, ataitanidwa ndi mkulu watsopano wa Conservatory A. Sveshnikov, adabwerera ku pulofesa wa Conservatory. Komabe, mlandu wosayenera ndi chilondacho chinakhudza thanzi: kukhala ndi matenda oopsa kunayambitsa sitiroko ndi ziwalo za dzanja lamanja ... Koma adaphunzira kulemba ndi dzanja lake lamanzere. Wopekayo amamaliza opera yomwe idayamba kale Kuweta kwa Shrew - imodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zomwe adapanga - ndikupanga zina zambiri zodabwitsa. Izi ndi sonata za violin, viola, cello ndi piyano, Quartet yachisanu ndi chitatu ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, komanso zozizwitsa zachisanu za Symphony, nyimbo yomwe ilidi "nyimbo yamphamvu ndi yosangalatsa ya moyo" ndipo imasiyanitsidwa osati ndi kuwala kwake kwapadera. , kuwala, kulenga, kutsimikizira moyo chiyambi, komanso ndi kumasuka kodabwitsa kwa kufotokozera, kuphweka kumeneku ndi chibadwa chomwe chiri chobadwa mu zitsanzo zapamwamba kwambiri za kulengedwa kwa zojambulajambula.

N. Simakova