Osip Antonovich Kozlovsky |

Osip Kozlovsky

Pa April 28, 1791, alendo oposa zikwi zitatu anabwera ku Tauride Palace ya Prince Potemkin ku St. Anthu olemekezeka a Metropolitan, motsogoleredwa ndi Empress Catherine II mwiniwake, adasonkhana pano pa nthawi ya kupambana kwakukulu kwa mkulu wa asilikali A. Suvorov mu nkhondo ya Russia-Turkish - kugwidwa kwa linga la Izmail. Okonza mapulani, ojambula, olemba ndakatulo, oimba anaitanidwa kuti akonzekere chikondwererocho. G. Derzhavin wotchuka analemba, motumidwa ndi G. Potemkin, “ndakatulo zoimbira pa chikondwererocho.” Katswiri wodziwika bwino wa choreographer, Mfalansa Le Pic, adavina. Mapangidwe a nyimbo ndi chitsogozo cha kwaya ndi orchestra zinaperekedwa kwa woimba wosadziwika O. Kozlovsky, yemwe anali nawo pa nkhondo ya Chirasha-Turkish. "Alendo okwera kwambiri atangotsala pang'ono kukhala pamipando yomwe adawakonzera, mwadzidzidzi mawu ndi nyimbo zoimbira zidamveka, zokhala ndi anthu mazana atatu." Kwaya yayikulu ndi okhestra idaimba kuti "Bingu lachipambano, limvekere." Anthu a ku Polonaise anachita chidwi kwambiri. Chisangalalo chachikulu chinadzutsidwa osati ndi mavesi okongola a Derzhavin, komanso mwaulemu, wanzeru, wodzaza ndi nyimbo zachisangalalo, wolemba amene anali Osip Kozlovsky - mkulu yemweyo wachinyamata, Pole ndi dziko, amene anafika ku St. kubweranso kwa Prince Potemkin mwiniwake. Kuyambira madzulo, dzina la Kozlovsky linakhala lodziwika bwino ku likulu, ndipo polonaise yake "Bingu la Chigonjetso, phokoso" linakhala nyimbo ya Russia kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndani anali woimba waluso amene adapeza nyumba yachiwiri ku Russia, mlembi wa polonaises zokongola, nyimbo, nyimbo zamasewera?

Kozlovsky anabadwira m'banja lolemekezeka la Poland. Mbiri sinasungire zambiri za nthawi yoyamba, ya ku Poland ya moyo wake. Sizikudziwika kuti makolo ake anali ndani. Mayina a aphunzitsi ake oyambirira, omwe anamupatsa sukulu yabwino yophunzitsa ntchito, sanafike kwa ife. Zothandiza ntchito Kozlovsky anayamba mu Warsaw Church of St. Jan, kumene woimba wamng'ono ankatumikira monga limba ndi chorister. Mu 1773 anaitanidwa monga mphunzitsi wa nyimbo kwa ana a kazembe wa ku Poland Andrzej Ogiński. (Wophunzira wake Michal Kleofas Oginsky pambuyo pake anakhala wolemba nyimbo wotchuka.) Mu 1786 Kozlovsky analowa m'gulu lankhondo la Russia. Mnyamatayo adawona Prince Potemkin. Maonekedwe ochititsa chidwi, talente, mawu osangalatsa a Kozlovsky adakopa aliyense womuzungulira. Panthawiyo, wolemba nyimbo wa ku Italy wodziwika bwino J. Sarti, wokonzekera zosangalatsa zoimba nyimbo zomwe kalonga amakonda, anali mu utumiki wa Potemkin. Kozlovsky nawonso nawo, kuimba nyimbo ndi polonaise. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Potemkin, adapeza wothandizira watsopano mwa munthu wa St. Petersburg philanthropist Count L. Naryshkin, wokonda kwambiri zaluso. Kozlovsky ankakhala m'nyumba yake pa Moika kwa zaka zingapo. Anthu otchuka ochokera ku likulu analipo nthawi zonse: olemba ndakatulo G. Derzhavin ndi N. Lvov, oimba I. Prach ndi V. Trutovsky (oyamba kusonkhanitsa nyimbo zachi Russia), Sarti, woyimba zemba I. Khandoshkin ndi ena ambiri.

Kalanga! Kumeneko ndi ku gehena Komwe zomangamanga, zokongoletsa zimakometsera owonerera Ndipo pamene, pansi pa kuyimba kokoma kwa nyimbo zosungiramo zinthu zakale Kozlovsky adagwidwa ndi phokoso! -

analemba, pokumbukira madzulo nyimbo Naryshkin, ndakatulo Derzhavin. Mu 1796, Kozlovsky anapuma pantchito, ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo nyimbo yakhala ntchito yake yaikulu. Amadziwika kale ku St. Petersburg. Ma polonaises ake amabingura pa mipira ya bwalo; kulikonse amaimba “nyimbo zake za Chirasha” (limenelo linali dzina lachikondi lozikidwa pa mavesi a olemba ndakatulo a ku Russia). Ambiri a iwo, monga "Ndikufuna kukhala mbalame", "Tsopano lankhanza", "Njuchi" (Art. Derzhavin), zinali zotchuka kwambiri. Kozlovsky anali mmodzi mwa omwe adayambitsa chikondi cha ku Russia (anthu a m'nthawi yake anamutcha kuti ndi Mlengi wa nyimbo za ku Russia). Ndinadziwa nyimbo izi ndi M. Glinka. Mu 1823, atafika ku Novospasskoye, adaphunzitsa mng'ono wake Lyudmila nyimbo ya Kozlovsky "Golden Bee, n'chifukwa chiyani ukufuula". "... Anasangalala kwambiri momwe ndinayimbira ..." - L. Shestakova anakumbukira pambuyo pake.

Mu 1798, Kozlovsky adapanga nyimbo yopambana kwambiri - Requiem, yomwe idachitika pa February 25 mu Tchalitchi cha Katolika cha St. Petersburg pa mwambo wa maliro a mfumu ya ku Poland Stanislav August Poniatowski.

Mu 1799, Kozlovsky analandira udindo wa woyang'anira, ndiyeno, kuchokera 1803, mtsogoleri wa nyimbo za zisudzo zachifumu. Kudziwa bwino malo aluso, ndi olemba masewero a ku Russia kunamupangitsa kuti ayambe kupanga nyimbo zamasewero. Anakopeka ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a tsoka la Russia lomwe linalamulira pa siteji kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 8. Apa adatha kuwonetsa luso lake lalikulu. Nyimbo za Kozlovsky, zodzaza ndi ma pathos olimba mtima, zidakulitsa malingaliro a ngwazi zoopsa. Udindo waukulu pa ngozizo unali wa oimba. Nambala za symphonic (zobwereza, zodutsa), pamodzi ndi makwaya, zinapanga maziko a nyimbo. Kozlovsky adapanga nyimbo zamavuto a "heroic-sensitive" a V. Ozerov ("Oedipus ku Athens" ndi "Fingal"), Y. Knyazhnin ("Vladisan"), A. Shakhovsky ("Deborah") ndi A. Gruzintsev (" Oedipus Rex "), ku tsoka la wolemba masewero achifalansa J. Racine (m'Chirasha chomasulira ndi P. Katenin) "Esther". Ntchito yabwino ya Kozlovsky mu mtundu uwu inali nyimbo ya tsoka la Ozerov "Fingal". Onse sewero ndi wopeka m'njira zambiri ankayembekezera Mitundu ya tsogolo chikondi sewero mmenemo. Mtundu wowawa wa Middle Ages, zithunzi za epic yakale yaku Scotland (tsokalo limachokera pa chiwembu cha nyimbo za Ossian wankhondo wolimba mtima wa Celtic Ossian za msilikali wolimba mtima wa Fingal) zikufotokozedwa momveka bwino ndi Kozlovsky m'magawo osiyanasiyana a nyimbo - overture, nthawi, kwaya, masewera a ballet, melodrama. Chiwonetsero choyamba cha tsokali "Fingal" chinachitika pa December 1805, XNUMX ku St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theatre. Seweroli linakopa omvera ndi ndakatulo zabwino kwambiri za Ozerov. Ochita zisudzo abwino kwambiri adasewera momwemo.

Utumiki wa Kozlovsky mu zisudzo zachifumu unapitirira mpaka 1819, pamene woimbayo, atagwidwa ndi matenda aakulu, anakakamizika kusiya ntchito. Kalelo mu 1815, pamodzi ndi D. Bortnyansky ndi oimba ena akuluakulu a nthawiyo, Kozlovsky anakhala membala wolemekezeka wa St. Petersburg Philharmonic Society. Zambiri zasungidwa zaka zomaliza za moyo wa woimbayo. Amadziwika kuti mu 1822-23. anapita ku Poland ndi mwana wake wamkazi, koma sanafune kukhala kumeneko: Petersburg anali atakhala kwawo kwawo. "Dzina la Kozlovsky limagwirizanitsidwa ndi zikumbukiro zambiri, zokoma kwa mtima wa Russia," analemba wolemba za obituary ku Sankt-Peterburgskiye Vedomosti. "Maphokoso a nyimbo zolembedwa ndi Kozlovsky adamveka m'nyumba zachifumu, m'zipinda za anthu olemekezeka komanso m'nyumba za anthu ambiri. Ndani sakudziwa, yemwe sanamvepo polonaise yaulemerero ndi kwaya: "Bingu lachigonjetso, likumveka" ... mapiko a golidi”… M’badwo wonse unayimba ndipo tsopano ukuimba nyimbo zambiri Kozlovsky, zolembedwa ndi iye ku mawu a Y. Neledinsky-Meletsky. Kupanda opikisana naye. kuwonjezera pa Count Oginsky, mu nyimbo za polonaise ndi nyimbo zowerengeka, Kozlovsky adalandira chilolezo cha odziwa komanso nyimbo zapamwamba. ... Osip Antonovich Kozlovsky anali munthu wachifundo, wachete, wokhazikika muubwenzi, ndipo adasiya kukumbukira bwino. Dzina lake lidzakhala lolemekezeka m'mbiri ya nyimbo za ku Russia. Pali oimba ochepa achi Russia ambiri, ndipo OA Kozlovsky amaima pamzere wakutsogolo pakati pawo.

A. Sokolova