Золтан Кодай (Zoltan Kodály) |

Zoltán Kodály

Luso lake limakhala ndi malo apadera mu nyimbo zamakono chifukwa cha mawonekedwe omwe amalumikizana nawo ndi mawonetseredwe a ndakatulo kwambiri a moyo waku Hungary: nyimbo za ngwazi, zongopeka zakum'mawa, zongopeka komanso kuwongolera mawu, komanso koposa zonse chifukwa cha maluwa osangalatsa. za nyimbo. B. Sabolchi

Z. Kodály, wodziwika bwino wa ku Hungary wopeka komanso woimba nyimbo-folklorist, adagwirizanitsa kwambiri ntchito zake za kulenga ndi nyimbo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi mbiri yakale ya anthu a ku Hungary, ndi kulimbana kwa chitukuko cha chikhalidwe cha dziko. Zaka zambiri za ntchito zabwino komanso zosunthika za Kodály zinali zofunika kwambiri pakupanga sukulu yamakono ya ku Hungary ya olemba nyimbo. Monga B. Bartok, Kodály adapanga kalembedwe kake potengera kukhazikitsidwa kwa miyambo yodziwika bwino komanso yotheka ya nthano za anthu wamba a ku Hungary, kuphatikiza ndi njira zamakono zofotokozera nyimbo.

Kodai adayamba kuphunzira nyimbo motsogozedwa ndi amayi ake, adachita nawo madzulo anyimbo zamabanja. Mu 1904 anamaliza maphunziro ake ku Budapest Academy of Music ndi dipuloma monga wolemba. Kodály analandiranso maphunziro a ku yunivesite (mabuku, kaonekedwe kake, kasamalidwe ka zinenero). Kuyambira 1905 anayamba kusonkhanitsa ndi kuphunzira Chihangare nyimbo wowerengeka. Kudziwana ndi Bartok kunasandulika kukhala ubwenzi wolimba wanthawi yayitali komanso mgwirizano waluso pankhani yazambiri zasayansi. Atamaliza maphunziro ake, Kodály anapita ku Berlin ndi Paris (1906-07), kumene anaphunzira chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Mu 1907-19. Kodály ndi pulofesa pa Budapest Academy of Music (kalasi ya chiphunzitso, kapangidwe). M'zaka izi, ntchito zake zikuwonekera m'madera ambiri: amalemba nyimbo; akupitiriza kusonkhanitsa mwadongosolo ndi kuphunzira nthano za anthu wamba ku Hungary, amawonekera m'manyuzipepala ngati katswiri wanyimbo ndi wotsutsa, ndipo amatenga nawo mbali pa moyo wanyimbo ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko. M'zolemba za Kodaly m'ma 1910. - Kuzungulira kwa piyano ndi mawu, ma quartets, zida zoimbira za chipinda - kuphatikiza mwachilengedwe miyambo ya nyimbo zachikale, kukhazikitsidwa kwazinthu zamtundu wa anthu wamba aku Hungary ndi zatsopano zamakono pankhani ya chilankhulo choyimba. Ntchito zake zimalandira zowunikira zotsutsana ndi otsutsa komanso gulu lanyimbo la ku Hungary. Anthu okonda kumvetsera komanso otsutsa amaona kuti ku Kodai ndi kuphwanya miyambo chabe. woyesera molimba mtima, ndipo oimba ochepa okha omwe amawona patali amagwirizanitsa tsogolo la sukulu yatsopano ya ku Hungary ndi dzina lake.

Pakupangidwa kwa Republic of Hungarian (1919), Kodály anali wachiwiri kwa director of State Higher School of Musical Art wotchulidwa pambuyo pake. F. Liszt (umu ndi momwe Academy of Music idasinthidwanso); pamodzi ndi Bartók ndi E. Dohnanyi, adakhala membala wa Musical Directory, yomwe cholinga chake chinali kusintha moyo wanyimbo wa dziko. Chifukwa cha ntchitoyi pansi pa ulamuliro wa Horthy, Kodály anazunzidwa ndikuyimitsidwa kwa zaka 2 kusukulu (anaphunzitsanso zolemba mu 1921-40). 20-30s - tsiku lopambana la ntchito ya Kodály, amapanga ntchito zomwe zidamubweretsera kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi: "Salmo la Chihangare" la kwaya, okhestra ndi woyimba payekha (1923); opera Sekey Spinning Mill (1924, kope lachiwiri 2); opera wamatsenga-woseketsa Hari Janos (1932). "Te Deum of the Buda Castle" ya oimba solo, kwaya, organ ndi orchestra (1926); Concerto for orchestra (1936); "Mavinidwe ochokera ku Marošsek" (1939) ndi "Mavinidwe a Talent" (1930) a orchestra, ndi zina zotero. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Kodai anapitiriza ntchito zake zofufuza mwakhama m'munda wa folklore. Iye anayamba njira yake ya maphunziro misa nyimbo ndi maphunziro, maziko amene anali kumvetsa wowerengeka nyimbo kuyambira ali wamng'ono, kuyamwa monga chinenero mbadwa. Njira ya Kodály yakhala ikudziwika kwambiri ndikupangidwa osati ku Hungary kokha, komanso m'mayiko ena ambiri. Iye ndi mlembi wa mabuku 1939, nkhani, zothandizira kuphunzitsa, kuphatikizapo monograph Hungarian Folk Music (200, lomasuliridwa Russian). Kodály analinso Purezidenti wa International Council for Folk Music (1937-1963).

Kwa zaka zambiri, Kodály anakhalabe waluso. Zina mwa ntchito zake za nthawi ya nkhondo itatha, opera Zinka Panna (1948), Symphony (1961), ndi cantata Kallai Kettesh (1950) adatchuka. Kodály ankaimbanso ngati kondakitala ndi zisudzo za ntchito zake. Iye anapita ku mayiko ambiri, anapita ku USSR kawiri (1947, 1963).

Pofotokoza za ntchito ya Kodály, mnzake ndi mnzake Bela Bartok analemba kuti: “Mabuku amenewa ndi chivomerezo cha moyo wa ku Hungary. Kunja, izi zikufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti ntchito ya Kodály imachokera ku nyimbo zamtundu wa Chihangare. Chifukwa chamkati ndicho chikhulupiriro chopanda malire cha Kodai mu mphamvu yakulenga ya anthu ake ndi tsogolo lawo.

A. Malinkovsky