Pietro Mascagni |

Pietro Mascagni

Maskany. "Ulemu wakumidzi". Intermezzo (wokonda - T. Serafin)

Ndizopanda pake kuganiza kuti kupambana kwakukulu, kopambana kwa mnyamatayu ndi zotsatira za malonda anzeru ... Mascagni, mwachiwonekere, si munthu waluso kwambiri, komanso wanzeru kwambiri. Iye anazindikira kuti pakali pano mzimu wa zenizeni, convergence wa luso ndi choonadi cha moyo, ali paliponse, kuti munthu ndi zilakolako zake ndi zisoni ndi zomveka komanso pafupi ndi ife kuposa milungu ndi demigods. Ndi pulasitiki ya ku Italy komanso kukongola kwake, akuwonetsera masewero a moyo omwe amasankha, ndipo zotsatira zake ndi ntchito yomwe imakhala yachifundo komanso yosangalatsa kwa anthu. P. Tchaikovsky

P. Mascagni anabadwira m’banja la wophika mkate, wokonda nyimbo kwambiri. Pozindikira luso la nyimbo la mwana wake, bamboyo, osasunga ndalama zochepa, adalemba ganyu mphunzitsi wa mwanayo - baritone Emilio Bianchi, yemwe adakonzekera Pietro kuti alowe ku Music Lyceum. Cherubini. Ali ndi zaka 13, monga wophunzira wa chaka choyamba, Mascagni analemba Symphony mu C wamng'ono ndi "Ave Maria", zomwe zinachitidwa bwino kwambiri. Kenako mnyamata wokhoza anapitiriza maphunziro ake zikuchokera ku Milan Conservatory ndi A. Ponchielli, kumene G. Puccini anaphunzira pa nthawi yomweyo. Nditamaliza maphunziro a Conservatory (1885), Mascagni anakhala wochititsa ndi mtsogoleri wa operetta troupes, amene anapita ku mizinda ya Italy, komanso anapereka maphunziro ndi kulemba nyimbo. Pamene Sonzogno yosindikiza nyumba inalengeza mpikisano wa opera imodzi yokha, Mascagni anafunsa bwenzi lake G. Torgioni-Tozzetti kuti alembe libretto yochokera ku sewero losangalatsa la G. Verga Rural Honor. Opera anali atakonzeka m'miyezi iwiri. Komabe, pokhala opanda chiyembekezo chopambana, Mascagni sanatumize "brainchild" wake ku mpikisano. Izi zinachitidwa, mwachinsinsi kuchokera kwa mwamuna wake, ndi mkazi wake. Ulemu waku Rural adalandira mphotho yoyamba, ndipo woyimbayo adalandira maphunziro apamwezi kwa zaka ziwiri. Masewero a zisudzo ku Rome pa May 2, 2 anali chipambano kotero kuti wolemba analibe nthawi kusaina mapangano.

Mascagni's Rural Honor adawonetsa chiyambi cha verismo, njira yatsopano yogwirira ntchito. Verism inagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri njira zolankhulirana mwaluso zomwe zidapangitsa kuti anthu azilankhula momveka bwino, omasuka, amaliseche, ndikupangitsa kuti moyo wa anthu osauka akumidzi ndi akumidzi ukhale wosangalatsa. Kuti akhazikitse malo okhala okhudzidwa, Mascagni kwa nthawi yoyamba muzochita za opera adagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimatchedwa "aria of the scream" - ndi nyimbo yomasuka kwambiri mpaka kulira, ndikuyimbidwa mwamphamvu ndi gulu la oimba pagulu la oimba. pachimake ... Mu 1891, opera inachitikira ku La Scala, ndipo G. Verdi akuti anati: "Tsopano ndikhoza kufa mwamtendere - pali wina amene apitilize moyo wa zisudzo za ku Italy." Polemekeza Mascagni, mendulo zingapo zinaperekedwa, mfumu mwiniwakeyo adapatsa wolembayo dzina laulemu la "Chevalier of the Crown". Ma opera atsopano amayembekezeredwa kuchokera ku Mascagni. Komabe, palibe mmodzi wa khumi ndi anayi wotsatira adakwera kufika pamlingo wa "Rustic Honor". Chifukwa chake, ku La Scala mu 1895, tsoka lanyimbo "William Ratcliffe" lidachitika - atatha zisudzo khumi ndi ziwiri, adasiya siteji moyipa. M'chaka chomwecho, kuyamba kwa lyric opera Silvano analephera. Mu 1901, ku Milan, Rome, Turin, Venice, Genoa ndi Verona, madzulo omwewo pa January 17, masewero a opera "Masks" anachitika, koma opera, yomwe inalengezedwa kwambiri, inachititsa mantha kwa woimbayo. ananyozedwa madzulo amenewo m’mizinda yonse nthawi imodzi. Ngakhale kutenga nawo mbali kwa E. Caruso ndi A. Toscanini sikunamupulumutse ku La Scala. “Kunali,” malinga ndi kunena kwa wolemba ndakatulo Wachitaliyana A. Negri, “kulephera kodabwitsa koposa m’mbiri yonse ya zisudzo za ku Italy.” Nyimbo zopambana kwambiri za woimbayo zidachitikira ku La Scala (Parisina - 1913, Nero - 1935) komanso ku Costanzi Theatre ku Rome (Iris - 1898, Little Marat - 1921). Kuphatikiza pa zisudzo, Mascagni analemba operettas ("The King in Naples" - 1885, "Inde!" - 1919), amagwira ntchito ku gulu la oimba a symphony, nyimbo zamakanema, ndi ntchito zamawu. Mu 1900, Mascagni anabwera ku Russia ndi zoimbaimba ndi nkhani za chikhalidwe cha zisudzo zamakono ndipo analandiridwa mwachikondi kwambiri.

Moyo wa wolembayo udatha kale m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX, koma dzina lake lidalibe ndi nyimbo zachi opera za ku Italy chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX.

M. Dvorkina

Zolemba:

machitidwe – Rural Honor (Gavalleria rusticana, 1890, Costanzi Theatre, Rome), Bwenzi Fritz (L'amico Fritz, no eponymous play by E. Erkman and A. Shatrian, 1891, ibid.), Brothers Rantzau (I Rantzau, after play of dzina lomwelo ndi Erkman ndi Shatrian, 1892, Pergola Theatre, Florence), William Ratcliff (zochokera dramatic ballad ndi G. Heine, lomasuliridwa ndi A. Maffei, 1895, La Scala Theatre, Milan), Silvano (1895, kumeneko chomwecho ), Zanetto (zochokera pa sewero la Passerby P. Coppe, 1696, Rossini Theatre, Pesaro), Iris (1898, Costanzi Theatre, Rome), Masks (Le Maschere, 1901, La Scala Theatre ali komweko ", Milan), Amika (Amisa, 1905, Casino Theatre, Monte Carlo), Isabeau (1911, Coliseo Theatre, Buenos Aires), Parisina (1913, La Scala Theatre, Milan), Lark ( Lodoletta, based on the novel The Wooden Shoes by De la Rama , 1917, Costanzi Theatre, Rome), Little Marat (Il piccolo Marat, 1921, Costanzi Theatre, Rome), Nero (zochokera pa sewero la dzina lomwelo ndi P. Cossa, 1935 , zisudzo "La Scala", Milan); alireza - The King in Naples (Il re a Napoli, 1885, Municipal Theatre, Cremona), Inde! (Si!, 1919, Quirino Theatre, Rome), Pinotta (1932, Casino Theatre, San Remo); ochestra, mawu ndi symphonic ntchito, nyimbo mafilimu, etc.