Jules Massenet |

Jules Massenet

Massenet. Elegy (F. Chaliapin / 1931)

M. Massenet sanawonetse konse komanso mu "Werther" makhalidwe osangalatsa a talente omwe adamupanga kukhala wolemba mbiri ya nyimbo za moyo wamkazi. C. Debussy

O bwanji kunyansidwa Massenet!!! Ndipo chokwiyitsa koposa zonse ndi chakuti mu izi nseru Ndikumva china chake chokhudzana ndi ine. P. Tchaikovsky

Debussy adandidabwitsa poteteza confection iyi (Manon a Massenet). I. Stravinsky

Woimba aliyense wa ku France ali ndi Massenet pang'ono mu mtima mwake, monga momwe Italy aliyense ali ndi Verdi ndi Puccini. F. Poulenc

Malingaliro osiyanasiyana amasiku ano! Sali ndi kulimbana kokha kwa zokonda ndi zokhumba, komanso kusamveka bwino kwa ntchito ya J. Massenet. Ubwino waukulu wa nyimbo zake uli m'nyimbo, zomwe, malinga ndi wolemba A. Bruno, "mudzazindikira pakati pa zikwi". Nthawi zambiri amakhala olumikizidwa kwambiri ndi mawu, chifukwa chake kusinthasintha kwawo kodabwitsa komanso kumveka. Mzere pakati pa nyimbo ndi mawu obwerezabwereza ndiwosawoneka bwino, chifukwa chake masewera a opera a Massenet samagawidwa kukhala manambala otsekedwa ndi magawo a "ntchito" omwe amawalumikiza, monga momwe zinalili ndi omwe adamutsogolera - Ch. Gounod, A. Thomas, F. Halevi. Zofunikira pakuchitapo kanthu, nyimbo zenizeni zinali zofunikira zenizeni za nthawiyo. Massenet adawaphatikiza m'njira yachifalansa kwambiri, m'njira zambiri kuukitsa miyambo yakale ya JB Lully. Komabe, kubwerezabwereza kwa Massenet sikunakhazikitsidwe pa kubwereza kwaulemu, kodzitukumula pang'ono kwa zisudzo zoopsa, koma pakulankhula kwatsiku ndi tsiku kwa munthu wosavuta. Izi ndizo mphamvu zazikulu ndi chiyambi cha mawu a Massenet, ichinso ndi chifukwa cha kulephera kwake pamene adatembenukira kutsoka la mtundu wakale ("The Sid" malinga ndi P. Corneille). Wobadwa woyimba nyimbo, woyimba wamayendedwe apamtima a moyo, wokhoza kupereka ndakatulo yapadera kwa zithunzi zachikazi, nthawi zambiri amatenga ziwembu zowopsa komanso zodzikuza za opera "yaikulu". The zisudzo wa Opera Comique sikokwanira kwa iye, ayenera kulamulira mu Grand Opera, amene amayesetsa pafupifupi Meyerbeerian. Kotero, pa konsati yochokera ku nyimbo za oimba osiyanasiyana, Massenet, mobisa kuchokera kwa anzake, amawonjezera gulu lalikulu la mkuwa pamagulu ake ndipo, mogontha omvera, anakhala ngwazi ya tsikulo. Massenet akuyembekeza zina mwazomwe a C. Debussy ndi M. Ravel (mawonekedwe obwereza mu opera, zowunikira kwambiri, kalembedwe ka nyimbo zoyambirira za ku France), koma, kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi iwo, akadali mkati mwa kukongola kwazaka za zana la XNUMX.

Ntchito yanyimbo ya Massenet inayamba ndi kuvomerezedwa ku Conservatory ali ndi zaka khumi. Posakhalitsa banja limasamukira ku Chambéry, koma Jules sangachite popanda Paris ndikuthawa kwawo kawiri. Kuyesera kwachiwiri kokha kunapambana, koma mnyamata wazaka khumi ndi zinayi adadziwa moyo wosakhazikika wa bohemia waluso wofotokozedwa mu Zithunzi ... Atagonjetsa zaka za umphaŵi, chifukwa cha khama, Massenet akupeza Mphoto Yaikulu ya Roma, imene inampatsa ufulu wa ulendo wa zaka zinayi wopita ku Italy. Kuchokera kunja, akubwerera mu 1866 ali ndi ndalama ziwiri m'thumba mwake komanso ndi wophunzira piyano, yemwe amakhala mkazi wake. Mbiri yowonjezereka ya Massenet ndi mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira. Mu 1867, opera yake yoyamba, The Great Aunt, inachitidwa, patatha chaka chimodzi adapeza wofalitsa wokhazikika, ndipo oimba ake oimba anali opambana. Ndiyeno Massenet adapanga ntchito zokulirapo komanso zofunikira: zisudzo Don Cesar de Bazan (1872), The King of Lahore (1877), oratorio-opera Mary Magdalene (1873), nyimbo za Erinyes lolemba C. Leconte de Lily (1873) ndi "Elegy" yodziwika bwino, nyimbo yake yomwe idawoneka kale mu 1866 ngati imodzi mwazolemba khumi za Piano - ntchito yoyamba yofalitsidwa ya Massenet. Mu 1878, Massenet adakhala pulofesa ku Paris Conservatory ndipo adasankhidwa kukhala membala wa Institute of France. Iye ali pakati pa chidwi cha anthu, amasangalala ndi chikondi cha anthu, amadziwika ndi ulemu wake wamuyaya ndi nzeru zake. Pachimake pa ntchito ya Massenet ndi opera Manon (1883) ndi Werther (1886), ndipo mpaka lero amamveka pa masitepe ambiri a zisudzo padziko lonse. Mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake, wolembayo sanachedwetse ntchito yake yolenga: popanda kudzipumitsa yekha kapena omvera ake, analemba opera pambuyo pa opera. Luso limakula, koma nthawi zimasintha, ndipo mawonekedwe ake sasintha. Mphatso yolenga ikuchepa kwambiri, makamaka m'zaka khumi zapitazi, ngakhale Massenet akadali ndi ulemu, ulemu ndi madalitso onse adziko lapansi. Pazaka izi, ma operas Thais (1894) omwe ali ndi Kusinkhasinkha kodziwika bwino, The Juggler of Our Lady (1902) ndi Don Quixote (1910, pambuyo pa J. Lorrain), adapangidwa makamaka kwa F. Chaliapin, adalembedwa.

Massenet ndi wosazama, amatengedwa kuti ndi mdani wake komanso wopikisana naye K. Saint-Saens, "koma zilibe kanthu." … wa de Grieux mu sacristy ya Saint-Sulpice? Bwanji osagwidwa kukuya kwa moyo ndi kulira kwa chikondi kumeneku? Momwe mungaganizire ndikusanthula ngati mwakhudzidwa?

E. Shati

Mwana wa mwini mgodi wachitsulo, Massenet amalandira maphunziro ake oyambirira a nyimbo kuchokera kwa amayi ake; ku Paris Conservatoire anaphunzira ndi Savard, Lauren, Bazin, Reber ndi Thomas. Mu 1863 adalandira Mphotho ya Roma. Popeza adadzipereka ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana, amagwiranso ntchito mwakhama m'maseŵera a masewera. Mu 1878, atapambana The King of Lahore, adasankhidwa kukhala pulofesa wa zolemba pa Conservatory, udindo womwe adaugwira mpaka 1896, pamene adapeza kutchuka kwa dziko lonse, adasiya ntchito zonse, kuphatikizapo wotsogolera wa Institut de France.

"Massenet adadzizindikira yekha, ndipo yemwe, pofuna kumubaya, adalankhula mobisa za iye monga wophunzira wa wolemba nyimbo wotchuka Paul Delmay, adayamba nthabwala zoyipa. Massenet, m'malo mwake, adatsanziridwa kwambiri, ndizowona… zisudzo…Ndikuvomereza, sindikumvetsa chifukwa chake kuli bwino kukonda madona okalamba, okonda Wagner ndi akazi ochokera kumaiko osiyanasiyana, kuposa madona achichepere onunkhira omwe samayimba piyano bwino lomwe. Mawu awa a Debussy, modabwitsa pambali, ndi chisonyezo chabwino cha ntchito ya Massenet komanso kufunikira kwake pachikhalidwe cha ku France.

Pamene Manon analengedwa, olemba ena anali atafotokoza kale chikhalidwe cha opera ya ku France m'zaka zonsezo. Ganizirani za Gounod's Faust (1859), Les Troyens (1863) wosamalizidwa wa Berlioz, Meyerbeer's The African Woman (1865), Thomas' Mignon (1866), Bizet's Carmen (1875), Saint-Saens' Samson ndi Delilah (1877), "The Tales". wa Hoffmann" ndi Offenbach (1881), "Lakme" ndi Delibes (1883). Kuwonjezera pa kupanga opera, ntchito zofunika kwambiri za César Franck, zolembedwa pakati pa 1880 ndi 1886, zomwe zinachita mbali yofunika kwambiri popanga chikhalidwe chachinsinsi mu nyimbo zakumapeto kwa zaka za zana lino. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Lalo anaphunzira mosamala nthano za anthu, ndipo Debussy, yemwe anapatsidwa mphoto ya Rome mu 1884, anali pafupi ndi mapangidwe ake omaliza.

Ponena za zojambulajambula zina, zojambulajambula muzojambula zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kale, ndipo ojambula adatembenukira kuzinthu zachilengedwe ndi zamatsenga, zatsopano komanso zochititsa chidwi za maonekedwe, monga Cezanne. Degas ndi Renoir adasunthira motsimikiza ku chithunzi chachilengedwe cha thupi la munthu, pomwe Seurat mu 1883 adawonetsa zojambula zake "Kusamba", momwe kusasunthika kwa ziwerengerozo kumawonetsa kutembenukira ku mawonekedwe atsopano apulasitiki, mwina ophiphiritsa, koma osasunthika komanso omveka bwino. . Zizindikiro zinali zikuyamba kuyang'ana m'mabuku oyambirira a Gauguin. Chidziwitso chachilengedwe (ndi zizindikiro zophiphiritsira pa chikhalidwe cha anthu), m'malo mwake, zimamveka bwino pa nthawi ino m'mabuku, makamaka m'mabuku a Zola (mu 1880, Nana adawonekera, buku la moyo wa courtesan). Pafupi ndi wolembayo, gulu limapangidwa lomwe limatembenukira ku chithunzi cha zinthu zosawoneka bwino kapena zosazolowereka m'mabuku: pakati pa 1880 ndi 1881, Maupassant amasankha nyumba ya mahule monga momwe amafotokozera nkhani zake kuchokera pagulu la "Nyumba ya Tellier".

Malingaliro onsewa, zolinga ndi zizolowezi zitha kupezeka mosavuta ku Manon, chifukwa chomwe wolembayo adathandizira luso la opera. Kuyamba kosokonekera kumeneku kunatsatiridwa ndi ntchito yayitali kwa opera, pomwe zinthu zomwe sizinali zoyenera nthawi zonse zidapezeka kuti ziwulule zomwe wolembayo amayenera kuchita ndipo mgwirizano wamalingaliro olenga sunasungidwe nthawi zonse. Zotsatira zake, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zotsutsana zimawonedwa pamlingo wa kalembedwe. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuchoka ku verismo kupita ku decadence, kuchoka ku nthano kupita ku mbiri yakale kapena yachilendo yogwiritsa ntchito nyimbo zosiyanasiyana ndi oimba, Massenet sanakhumudwitse omvera ake, pokhapokha chifukwa cha mawu omveka bwino kwambiri. M'masewera ake aliwonse, ngakhale sizinali zopambana zonse, pali tsamba losaiwalika lomwe limakhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha kunja kwanthawi zonse. Izi zonse zidapangitsa kuti Massenet achite bwino pamsika wa discographic. Pamapeto pake, zitsanzo zake zabwino kwambiri ndi zomwe wolembayo ndi woona kwa iyemwini: zoyimba ndi zokonda, zachifundo komanso zachidwi, zomwe zimawonetsa chidwi chake ku zigawo za otchulidwa kwambiri omwe amagwirizana naye, okonda, omwe mawonekedwe awo sakhala achilendo ku zovuta. mayankho a ma symphonic, otheka mosavuta komanso opanda malire a ana asukulu.

G. Marchesi (yomasuliridwa ndi E. Greceanii)

Wolemba ma opera makumi awiri ndi asanu, ma ballet atatu, oimba oimba otchuka (Neapolitan, Alsatian, Scenes Picturesque) ndi ntchito zina zambiri muzojambula zamitundu yonse, Massenet ndi mmodzi mwa olemba omwe moyo wawo sunadziwe mayesero aakulu. Luso labwino kwambiri, luso lapamwamba laukadaulo komanso luso laukadaulo losawoneka bwino zidamuthandiza kuti adziwike ndi anthu koyambirira kwa 70s.

Poyamba anapeza zomwe zinali zoyenera umunthu wake; atasankha mutu wake, sanachite mantha kubwereza; Analemba mosavuta, popanda kukayikira, ndipo kuti apindule anali wokonzeka kupanga mgwirizano wa kulenga ndi zokonda zomwe zinalipo za anthu a bourgeois.

Jules Massenet anabadwa pa May 12, 1842, ali mwana analoŵa ku Paris Conservatoire, kumene anamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1863. Atakhala ngati wopambana mphotoyo kwa zaka zitatu ku Italy, anabwerera mu 1866 ku Paris. Kufufuza kosalekeza kwa njira zopezera ulemerero kumayamba. Massenet amalemba zisudzo ndi suites za orchestra. Koma umunthu wake unaonekera bwino mu masewero amawu ("Abusa Ndakatulo", "ndakatulo ya Zima", "April Ndakatulo", "October Ndakatulo", "Chikondi Ndakatulo", "Memories Ndakatulo"). Masewerawa adalembedwa motengera Schumann; amafotokoza za kalembedwe ka mawu a Massenet.

Mu 1873, potsirizira pake anapambana kuzindikira - choyamba ndi nyimbo za tsoka la Aeschylus "Erinnia" (lomasuliridwa momasuka ndi Leconte de Lisle), ndiyeno - "sewero lopatulika" "Mary Magdalene", lomwe linachitidwa pamasewero. Ndi mawu ochokera pansi pamtima, Bizet anayamikira Massenet chifukwa cha kupambana kwake: “Sukulu yathu yatsopano sinayambe yapangapo zinthu ngati izi. Mwandithamangitsa ndi malungo, chiwembu! O, iwe, woyimba waluso… Zowopsa, ukundivutitsa ndi china chake! ..». “Tiyenera kulabadira kwa munthu ameneyu,” Bizet analembera mnzake wina. "Taonani, atitsekera mu lamba."

Bizet anawoneratu zam'tsogolo: posakhalitsa iye mwiniyo anatha moyo waufupi, ndipo Massenet m'zaka zikubwerazi adakhala mtsogoleri pakati pa oimba a ku France amakono. Zaka za m'ma 70 ndi 80 zinali zaka zabwino kwambiri komanso zobala zipatso mu ntchito yake.

"Mary Magdalene", omwe amatsegula nthawiyi, ali pafupi kwambiri ndi opera kuposa oratorio, ndipo heroine, wochimwa wolapa amene anakhulupirira Khristu, yemwe anawonekera mu nyimbo za woimbayo monga Parisian wamakono, adajambula mumitundu yofanana. monga mfumu Manoni. Mu ntchitoyi, mawonekedwe omwe Massenet amakonda kwambiri zithunzi ndi njira zofotokozera zidatsimikiziridwa.

Kuyambira ndi mwana wa Dumas ndipo kenako a Goncourts, malo owonetserako mitundu ya akazi, okongola komanso amantha, owoneka bwino komanso osalimba, ozindikira komanso opupuluma, adadzikhazikitsa okha m'mabuku achi French. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi ochimwa olapa onyengerera, "madona a theka la dziko", akulota za chitonthozo cha banja, chisangalalo chodabwitsa, koma osweka polimbana ndi zenizeni zachinyengo za bourgeois, akukakamizika kusiya maloto, kuchokera kwa wokondedwa, kuchokera. moyo… (Izi ndi zomwe zili m'mabuku ndi masewero a Dumas son: The Lady of the Camellias (novel - 1848, theatre staging - 1852), Diana de Liz (1853), The Lady of the Half World (1855); onaninso mabuku a abale a Goncourt "Rene Mauprin" (1864), Daudet "Sappho" (1884) ndi ena.) Komabe, mosasamala kanthu za ziwembu, nyengo ndi mayiko (zenizeni kapena zongopeka), Massenet akuwonetsera mkazi wa bwalo lake la bourgeois, mosasamala kanthu za dziko lake lamkati.

Anthu a m’nthaŵi imeneyo ankatcha Massenet kuti “wolemba ndakatulo wa mzimu wa mkazi.”

Potsatira Gounod, yemwe anali ndi chikoka champhamvu pa iye, Massenet akhoza, ndi zifukwa zokulirapo, kukhala m'gulu la "sukulu yamanjenje." Koma mosiyana ndi Gounod yemweyo, yemwe adagwiritsa ntchito muzochita zake zabwino kwambiri mitundu yolemera komanso yosiyana siyana yomwe idapanga maziko amoyo (makamaka ku Faust), Massenet ndiwoyengedwa bwino, owoneka bwino, owoneka bwino. Iye ali pafupi ndi chifaniziro cha kufewa kwachikazi, chisomo, chisomo chathupi. Mogwirizana ndi izi, Massenet adapanga mawonekedwe amunthu, kulengeza pachimake, kufotokoza mochenjera zomwe zili m'mawuwo, koma momveka bwino, komanso modzidzimutsa "kuphulika" kwamalingaliro komwe kumasiyanitsidwa ndi mawu opumira kwambiri:

Mbali ya okhestra imasiyanitsidwanso ndi kuchenjera kwa mapeto. Nthawi zambiri ndimomwe mawu amawu amakula, omwe amathandizira kulumikizana kwa gawo lapakatikati, losakhwima komanso losalimba:

Momwemonso posachedwapa idzakhala yofanana ndi ma opera a ma verists aku Italy (Leoncavallo, Puccini); kokha kuphulika kwawo kwamalingaliro kumakhala koopsa komanso kokonda. Ku France, kutanthauzira kwa gawo la mawu uku kudatengedwa ndi olemba ambiri kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX komanso koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX.

Koma kubwerera ku 70s.

Kuzindikira kopambana mosayembekezereka kudalimbikitsa Massenet. Ntchito zake nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'makonsati (Zojambula Zowoneka bwino, Phaedra Overture, Third Orchestral Suite, Sacred Drama Eve ndi ena), ndipo Grand Opera imayika opera ya King Lagorsky (1877, kuchokera ku moyo waku India; mikangano yachipembedzo imakhala ngati maziko. ). Apanso kupambana kwakukulu: Massenet adavekedwa korona ndi maphunziro apamwamba - ali ndi zaka makumi atatu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi adakhala membala wa Institute of France ndipo posakhalitsa anaitanidwa kukhala pulofesa ku Conservatory.

Komabe, mu "King of Lagorsk", komanso pambuyo pake "Esclarmonde" (1889), padakali zambiri kuchokera ku "Grand opera" - mtundu uwu wa zisudzo za nyimbo za ku France zomwe zakhala zikutopetsa mwayi wake waluso. Massenet adadzipeza yekha m'ntchito zake zabwino kwambiri - "Manon" (1881-1884) ndi "Werther" (1886, yomwe inayambika ku Vienna mu 1892).

Kotero, pofika zaka makumi anayi ndi zisanu, Massenet adapeza kutchuka komwe ankafuna. Koma, kupitiriza kugwira ntchito mwamphamvu mofananamo, pazaka makumi awiri ndi zisanu zotsatira za moyo wake, sanangowonjezera malingaliro ake ndi luso lazojambula, koma adagwiritsa ntchito zisudzo ndi njira zowonetsera zomwe adazipanga kale kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo ngakhale kuti zoyambira za ntchitozi zidaperekedwa ndi kunyada kosalekeza, ambiri aiwo amaiwalika moyenerera. Ma opera anayi otsatirawa ali ndi chidwi chosakayikitsa: "Thais" (1894, chiwembu cha buku la A. France chimagwiritsidwa ntchito), chomwe, ponena za chinyengo cha nyimbo, chimayandikira "Manon"; "Navarreca" (1894) ndi "Sappho" (1897), kuwonetsa zowoneka bwino (nyimbo yomaliza idalembedwa kutengera buku la A. Daudet, chiwembu chomwe chili pafupi ndi "Dona wa Camellias" ndi mwana wa Dumas, motero Verdi " La Traviata"; mu "Sappho" masamba ambiri a nyimbo zosangalatsa, zowona); "Don Quixote" (1910), pomwe Chaliapin adadabwitsa omvera paudindo wawo.

Massenet anamwalira pa Ogasiti 13, 1912.

Kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu (1878-1896) adaphunzitsa kalasi ya nyimbo ku Paris Conservatoire, kuphunzitsa ophunzira ambiri. Ena mwa anthuwa anali Alfred Bruno, Gustave Charpentier, Florent Schmitt, Charles Kouklin, woimba nyimbo zapamwamba za ku Romania, George Enescu, ndi ena amene pambuyo pake anatchuka ku France. Koma ngakhale iwo amene sanaphunzire ndi Massenet (mwachitsanzo, Debussy) adakhudzidwa ndi mantha ake, kusinthasintha kwa mawu, kalembedwe ka mawu.

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Umphumphu wa mawu ochititsa chidwi anyimbo, kuwona mtima, kuwona mtima pakufalitsa malingaliro onjenjemera - izi ndizoyenera kwa zisudzo za Massenet, zowululidwa momveka bwino mu Werther ndi Manon. Komabe, wopekayo nthawi zambiri analibe mphamvu zachimuna pofotokoza zilakolako za moyo, zochitika zazikulu, mikangano, ndiyeno luso lina, nthawi zina kutsekemera kwa salon, linathyola mu nyimbo zake.

Izi ndizizindikiro zavuto la mtundu wanthawi yayitali wa "lyric opera" yaku France, yomwe idapangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 60, ndipo m'ma 70s idatengera zatsopano, zotsogola zochokera ku mabuku amakono, kujambula, zisudzo. Komabe, ndiye kuti mawonekedwe a malire adawululidwa mwa iye, zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa (munkhani yoperekedwa kwa Gounod).

Katswiri wa Bizet adagonjetsa malire a "lyric opera". Pochita sewero ndi kukulitsa zomwe zili mu nyimbo zake zoyambirira za nyimbo ndi zisudzo, moona mtima komanso mozama zotsutsana ndi zenizeni, adafika pachimake chowona ku Carmen.

Koma chikhalidwe cha ma opera a ku France sichinakhalebe pamlingo wotere, chifukwa akatswiri ake odziwika kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma 60 analibe kutsata kosasunthika kwa Bizet ku mfundo zotsimikizira malingaliro awo aluso. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1877, chifukwa cha kulimbikitsidwa kwa zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi, Gounod, atalenga Faust, Mireil ndi Romeo ndi Juliet, adachoka ku miyambo yachitukuko. Saint-Saens, nayenso, sanawonetse kusasinthika koyenera pakufufuza kwake, anali wamatsenga, ndipo mwa Samson ndi Delilah (1883) okha adachita bwino, ngakhale kuti sanapambane. Pamlingo wina, zina zomwe zidachitika pamasewera a opera zidalinso mbali imodzi: Delibes (Lakme, 1880), Lalo (Mfumu ya Mzinda wa Is, 1886), Chabrier (Gwendoline, XNUMX). ntchito zonsezi ophatikizidwa ziwembu zosiyanasiyana, koma kumasulira kwawo nyimbo zikoka zonse "Grand" ndi "nyimbo" zisudzo anawoloka ku digiri imodzi kapena imzake.

Massenet anayesanso dzanja lake pamitundu yonse iwiriyi, ndipo adayesetsa kusinthiratu kalembedwe kakale ka "Grand opera" ndi mawu achindunji, omveka bwino a njira zofotokozera. Koposa zonse, adakopeka ndi zomwe Gounod adakhazikitsa ku Faust, zomwe zidatumikira Massenet ngati fanizo losafikirika laukadaulo.

Komabe, moyo wa chikhalidwe cha ku France pambuyo pa Msonkhano wa Paris udapereka ntchito zatsopano kwa olemba - kunali kofunikira kuwulula kwambiri mikangano yeniyeni yeniyeni. Bizet anakwanitsa kuwagwira ku Carmen, koma Massenet anazemba izi. Iye anadzitsekera yekha mu mtundu wanyimbo za opera, ndipo anachepetsanso nkhani yake. Monga wojambula wamkulu, wolemba Manon ndi Werther, ndithudi, adawonetsa pang'ono m'ntchito zake zomwe adakumana nazo ndi maganizo a anthu a m'nthawi yake. Izi makamaka zidakhudza chitukuko cha njira zofotokozera mawu omvera nyimbo zamanjenje, zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi mzimu wamakono; zomwe adachita ndi zofunika kwambiri pomanga "kupyolera" nyimbo za opera, komanso kumasulira kwamaganizo kwa okhestra.

Pofika zaka za m'ma 90, mtundu womwe umakonda wa Massenet unali utatopa. Chikoka cha Italy operatic verismo imayamba kumveka (kuphatikiza mu ntchito ya Massenet mwiniwake). Masiku ano, mitu yamakono ikufotokozedwa mwachangu mu zisudzo zanyimbo zaku France. Zowonetsa pankhaniyi ndi ma opera a Alfred Bruno (The Dream yotengera buku la Zola, 1891; The Siege of the Mill yochokera Maupassant, 1893, ndi ena), omwe alibe mawonekedwe achilengedwe, makamaka opera ya Charpentier Louise. (1900), imene m'mbali zambiri bwino, ngakhale penapake zosadziwika, insufficiently zochititsa chidwi zithunzi za moyo wamakono Paris.

Kujambula kwa a Claude Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande mu 1902 kumatsegula nthawi yatsopano mu chikhalidwe cha nyimbo ndi zisudzo ku France - kuwonetsa chidwi kumakhala njira yayikulu yamalembedwe.

M. Druskin

Zolemba:

Opera (chiwerengero 25) Kupatulapo sewero la "Manon" ndi "Werther", masiku oyambira amaperekedwa m'mabulaketi okha. "Grandmother", libretto lolemba Adeny ndi Granvallet (1867) "Ful King's Cup", libretto lolemba Galle ndi Blo (1867) "Don Cesar de Bazan", libretto lolemba d'Ennery, Dumanois and Chantepie (1872) "King of Lahore" , libretto by Galle (1877) Herodias, libretto by Millet, Gremont and Zamadini (1881) Manon, libretto by Méliac and Gilles (1881-1884) “Werther”, libretto by Blo, Mille and Gartmann (1886, premiere — 1892) The Sid”, libretto by d’Ennery, Blo and Galle (1885) «Ésclarmonde», libretto by Blo and Gremont (1889) The Magician, libretto by Richpin (1891) “Thais”, libretto by Galle (1894) “Portrait of Manon”, libretto by Boyer (1894) “Navarreca”, libretto by Clarty and Ken (1894) Sappho, libretto by Kena and Berneda (1897) Cinderella, libretto by Ken (1899) Griselda, libretto by Sylvester and Moran (1901) “ The Juggler of Our Lady”, libretto lolemba Len (1902) Cherub, libretto lolemba Croisset ndi Ken (1905) Ariana, libretto lolemba Mendes (1906) Teresa, libretto lolemba Clarty (1907) “Vakh” (1910) Don Quixote, libretto b y Ken (1910) Rome, libretto by Ken (1912) “Amadis” (posthumously) “Cleopatra”, libretto by Payen (posthumously)

Zina zoimba-zisudzo ndi cantata-oratorio zimagwira ntchito Nyimbo za tsoka la Aeschylus "Erinnia" (1873) "Mary Magdalene", sewero lopatulika Halle (1873) Eve, sewero lopatulika Halle (1875) Narcissus, idyll yakale yolembedwa ndi Collin (1878) "The Immaculate Virgin", the sacred legend. a Grandmougins (1880) "Carillon", kutsanzira ndi kuvina nthano (1892) "Dziko Lolonjezedwa", oratorio (1900) Dragonfly, ballet (1904) "Spain", ballet (1908)

Symphonic ntchito Pompeii, suite for orchestra (1866) First suite for orchestra (1867) "Hungarian Scenes" (Second suite for orchestra) (1871) "Picturesque Scenes" (1871) Third suite for orchestra (1873) Overture "Phaedra" (1874) " Zithunzi zochititsa chidwi malinga ndi Shakespeare" (1875) "Neapolitan Scenes" (1882) "Alsatian scenes" (1882) "Enchanting Scenes" (1883) ndi ena.

Komanso, pali nyimbo zosiyanasiyana limba, za 200 zachikondi ("Itimate Songs", "Abusa ndakatulo", "ndakatulo ya Zima", "ndakatulo ya Chikondi", "ndakatulo Memories" ndi ena), amagwira ntchito mu chipinda zida. pamodzi.

Zolemba zolembalemba "Zokumbukira Zanga" (1912)