Samuil Abramovich Samosud (Samuil Samosud) |

Samuil Samosud

Wochititsa Soviet, People's Artist wa USSR (1937), wopambana mphoto zitatu za Stalin (1941, 1947, 1952). “Ndinabadwira mumzinda wa Tiflis. Bambo anga anali kondakitala. Ndili mwana ndinayamba kukonda kwambiri kuimba. Bambo anga anandiphunzitsa kuimba cornet-a-piston ndi cello. Ndinayamba kuimba ndekha ndili ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Pambuyo pake, ku Tiflis Conservatory, ndinayamba kuphunzira za zida zoimbira ndi Profesa E. Gijini ndi cello ndi Pulofesa A. Polivko.” Chifukwa chake Samosud akuyamba cholemba chake chambiri.

Atamaliza sukulu ya nyimbo mu 1905, woimba wamng'onoyo anapita ku Prague, kumene anaphunzira ndi woimba nyimbo wotchuka G. Vigan, komanso wotsogolera wamkulu wa Prague Opera K. Kovarzovats. Kuwongolera kwina kwa SA Samosud kunachitika mu "Schola Cantorum" yaku Paris motsogozedwa ndi wolemba nyimbo V. d'Andy ndi kondakitala E. Colonne. Mwina, ngakhale pamenepo adapanga chisankho chodzipereka pakuwongolera. Komabe, kwa nthawi ndithu atabwerako kuchokera kudziko lina, anagwira ntchito yoimba solo mu Nyumba ya Anthu ya ku St. Petersburg.

Kuyambira 1910, Samosud wakhala ngati wochititsa opera. Mu People's House, pansi pa ulamuliro wake, pali Faust, Lakme, Oprichnik, Dubrovsky. Ndipo mu 1916 iye anachititsa "Mermaid" ndi nawo F. Chaliapin. Samosud ananena kuti: “Galinkin, amene nthawi zambiri ankaimba nyimbo za Shalyapin, sankadwala, ndipo oimba ankandilimbikitsa kwambiri. Poona ubwana wanga, Chaliapin sankakhulupirira zimenezi, koma anavomera. Seweroli linakhudza kwambiri moyo wanga, chifukwa m'tsogolomu ndinachita pafupifupi machitidwe onse a Chaliapin, ndipo kale ndi kuumirira kwake. Kulankhulana kwatsiku ndi tsiku ndi Chaliapin - woyimba wanzeru, wochita zisudzo ndi wotsogolera - kwa ine kunali sukulu yayikulu yolenga yomwe idatsegula njira zatsopano zaluso.

Samosud wodziimira yekha kulenga yonena, titero, lagawidwa magawo awiri - Leningrad ndi Moscow. Atagwira ntchito ku Mariinsky Theatre (1917-1919), wotsogolera adatsogolera gulu loimba lobadwa mu October - Maly Opera Theatre ku Leningrad ndipo anali mtsogoleri wake waluso mpaka 1936. mbiri ya "laboratory ya Soviet opera." Zopanga zabwino kwambiri zama opera akale (The Abduction from the Seraglio, Carmen, Falstaff, The Snow Maiden, The Golden Cockerel, etc.) ndi ntchito zatsopano za olemba akunja (Krenek, Dressel, etc.) ). Komabe, Samosud adawona ntchito yake yayikulu popanga mbiri yakale ya Soviet. Ndipo adayesetsa kukwaniritsa ntchitoyi mosalekeza komanso mwadala. Kubwerera m'zaka za m'ma 1925, Malegot adatembenukira ku zisudzo pamitu yosinthira - "For Red Petrograd" yolemba A. Gladkovsky ndi E. Prussak (1927), "Twenty-Fifth" lolemba S. Strassenburg potengera ndakatulo ya Mayakovsky "Good" (XNUMX), Gulu la achinyamata linayang'ana oimba a Samosud Leningrad omwe adagwira ntchito mumtundu wa opera - D. Shostakovich ("Mphuno", "Lady Macbeth wa M'chigawo cha Mtsensk"), I. Dzerzhinsky ("Quiet Flows the Don"). Zhelobinsky ("Kamarinsky Muzhik", "Name Day"), V Voloshinov ndi ena.

Lynching inagwira ntchito ndi chidwi chosowa komanso kudzipereka. Wolemba nyimbo I. Dzerzhinsky analemba kuti: “Iye amadziwa bwalo la zisudzo kuposa wina aliyense ... , kugonjera kwazinthu zonse zamasewerawo kukhala wamkulu, wotsogola wa uXNUMXbuXNUMXbntchitoyo ... Ulamuliro C A. Kudziweruza kumatengera chikhalidwe chachikulu, kulimba mtima kwaluso, kuthekera kogwira ntchito komanso kuthekera kopangitsa ena kugwira ntchito. Iye mwini amafufuza muzojambula zonse za "zinthu zazing'ono" zomwe zimapangidwa. Amatha kuwoneka akuyankhula ndi ojambula, ma props, ogwira ntchito pasiteji. Panthawi yoyeserera, nthawi zambiri amachoka pamalo a otsogolera ndipo, pamodzi ndi wotsogolera, amagwira ntchito pazithunzi za mise en, amalimbikitsa woimbayo kuti achitepo kanthu, amalangiza wojambula kuti asinthe izi kapena tsatanetsatane, akufotokozera kwaya malo osadziwika bwino. mphambu, etc. Samosud ndiye wotsogolera weniweni wa ntchitoyo, ndikuyipanga molingana ndi kulingalira mosamala - mwatsatanetsatane - ndondomeko. Izi zimapereka chidaliro komanso kumveka bwino kwa zochita zake. ”

Mzimu wofufuza ndi zatsopano umasiyanitsa ntchito za Samosud ndi udindo wa wotsogolera wamkulu wa Bolshoi Theatre wa USSR (1936-1943). Iye adalenga pano zopanga zenizeni tingachipeze powerenga Ivan Susanin mu kope latsopano zolembalemba ndi Ruslan ndi Lyudmila. Akadali m'mphepete mwa chidwi cha wochititsa chidwi ndi opera ya Soviet. Motsogozedwa ndi I. Dzerzhinsky, "Nthaka Ya Namwali Yokwera" imachitika ku Bolshoi Theatre, ndipo pa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yadziko Lonse adapanga opera ya D. Kabalevsky "On Fire".

Gawo lotsatira la moyo wa kulenga Samosud kugwirizana ndi Musical Theatre dzina la KS Stanislavsky ndi VI Nemirovich-Danchenko, kumene iye anali mutu wa dipatimenti nyimbo ndi kondakitala wamkulu (1943-1950). “N’zosatheka kuiwala zoyeserera za Samosud,” analemba motero akatswiri a zisudzo N. Kemarskaya, T. Yanko ndi S. Tsenin. - Kaya operetta wokondwa "Wophunzira Wopempha" ndi Millöker, kapena ntchito ya mpweya wodabwitsa - "Chikondi cha Spring" ndi Encke, kapena nyimbo ya Khrennikov "Frol Skobeev" - inali kukonzedwa pansi pa utsogoleri wake - momwe Samuil Abramovich analili wolowera. wokhoza kuyang'ana mu chenicheni cha fanolo, momwe iye anatsogolerera mwanzeru ndi mochenjera m'mayesero onse, kupyola mu chisangalalo chonse chobadwa mu gawolo! Monga momwe Samuil Abramovich adawululira mwaluso poyeserera, chithunzi cha Panova ku Lyubov Yarovaya, chomwe ndi chovuta kwambiri mu nyimbo ndi machitidwe, kapena chithunzi chofulumira komanso chonjenjemera cha Laura mu The Beggar Student! Ndipo pamodzi ndi izi - zithunzi za Euphrosyne, Taras kapena Nazar mu opera "Banja la Taras" ndi Kabalevsky.

Pa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yadziko Lonse, Samosud anali woyamba woimba wa Seventh Symphony ya D. Shostakovich (1942). Ndipo mu 1946, okonda nyimbo a Leningrad adamuwonanso pa gulu lolamulira la Maly Opera Theatre. Pansi pa chitsogozo chake, chiwonetsero choyamba cha opera ya S. Prokofiev "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" chinachitika. Samosud anali ndi ubwenzi wapamtima ndi Prokofiev. Anapatsidwa udindo ndi wolemba kuti apereke kwa omvera (kupatula "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere") Seventh Symphony (1952), oratorio "Kuteteza Dziko Lapansi" (1950), "Winter Fire" suite (1E50) ndi ntchito zina. . Mu imodzi mwa matelegalamu opita kwa kondakitala, S. Prokofiev analemba kuti: “Ndimakukumbukirani ndi chiyamikiro chachikondi monga womasulira wanzeru, waluso ndi womvekera bwino wa ntchito zanga zambiri.”

Mutu wa zisudzo wotchedwa KS Stanislavsky ndi VI Nemirovich-Danchenko, Samosud nthawi imodzi anatsogolera All-Union Radio Opera ndi Symphony Orchestra, ndipo m'zaka zaposachedwapa wakhala pa mutu wa Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra. Pokumbukira ambiri, zisudzo zake zabwino kwambiri za zisudzo pamasewera a konsati zasungidwa - Wagner's Lohengrin ndi Meistersingers, Rossini's The Thieving Magpies ndi The Italys ku Algeria, Enchantresses a Tchaikovsky ... sanaiwale oyimba kapena okonda nyimbo.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek