Zowoneka bwino, zosalala ndi zabekar - zizindikiro za kusintha kwa nyimbo

Lero tikambirana za lakuthwa, lathyathyathya ndi bekar, ndi zimene zizindikiro za kusintha mu nyimbo ambiri, ndi tanthauzo mawu akuti "kusintha" ambiri.

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kufotokoza mwachidule za chirichonse, ndiyeno tidzamvetsa bwinobwino. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi funso lathu lomaliza, lomwe ndi - Kodi kusintha kwa nyimbo ndi chiyani? Awa ndi mawu achilatini omwe ali ndi muzu "ALTER", mutha kulingalira tanthauzo lake ngati mukukumbukira mawu aliwonse okhala ndi mizu yomweyo. Mwachitsanzo, pali liwu loti “alternative” (chimodzi kapena chosankha chosankha), pali mawu oti “alter ego” (ena ine). Chifukwa chake, mu Chilatini ALTER amatanthauza "ZINTHU ZINA". Ndiko kuti, mawu awa nthawi zonse amawonetsa kukhalapo kwa mitundu ingapo ya chinthu kapena chinthu, kapena kusintha kwamtundu wina.

Mu nyimbo, ALTERATION ndi kusintha kwa masitepe oyambirira (ndiko kuti, kusintha kwa zolemba wamba DO RE MI FA SOLD LA SI). Kodi mungawasinthe bwanji? Mukhoza kuwakweza kapena kuwatsitsa. Zotsatira zake, mitundu yatsopano ya nyimboyi imapangidwa (masitepe otengera). Zolemba zapamwamba zimatchedwa DIESES, ndipo zapansi zimatchedwa BEMOLS.

Zizindikiro Zosintha

Monga taonera kale kuti MALANGIZO ndi mawu ojambulidwa, ndiko kuti, zizindikiro. Ndipo kulemba zolemba zazikulu mu ma octave osiyanasiyana, ndodo, makiyi, olamulira amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndipo pojambulira manotsi osinthidwa, palinso zizindikiro - ZOSINTHA ZINSINSI: zakuthwa, zosalala, zowoneka bwino, zakuthwa pawiri komanso zophwathidwa pawiri.

Chizindikiro cha DIEZ amawoneka ngati grille pa kiyibodi ya foni kapena, ngati mukufuna, ngati makwerero ang'onoang'ono, amatiuza kuti tikweze cholembera. Dzina la chizindikiro ichi limachokera ku liwu lachi Greek "diea".

BEMOL chizindikiro imatizindikiritsa za chilembo chotsitsidwa, chimawoneka ngati chilembo chosindikizidwa cha Chingerezi kapena Chilatini "bh" (b), ndi gawo la m'munsi la chilembochi ndiloloza (likuwoneka ngati dontho lotembenuzidwa). Flat ndi liwu lachifalansa, ngakhale ndi Latin etymology. Mawuwa amapangidwa ndi zinthu zosavuta: "khala" ndi chilembo "khala" (b), ndipo "mole" amatanthauza "zofewa", ndiko kuti, flat ndi "soft b".

BEKAR chizindikiro - chizindikiro chochititsa chidwi kwambiri, chimathetsa zotsatira za ma flats ndi akuthwa ndikunena kuti muyenera kusewera nthawi zonse, osati kukwezedwa kapena kutsika. Polemba, bekar imakhala yozungulira pang'ono, ikuwoneka ngati nambala 4, yotsekedwa pamwamba osati ndi makona atatu, koma ndi lalikulu, komanso imawoneka ngati chilembo "bh" (b), "squared" yokha. ndi stroke pansi. Dzina lakuti "bekar" limachokera ku Chifalansa ndipo limasuliridwa kuti "square bae".

DOUBLE-DIEZ chizindikiro, pali imodzi, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwirikiza cholembacho, ndi mtanda wa diagonal (pafupifupi mofanana ndi momwe amalembera pamene akusewera tic-tac-toe), kokha ndi nsonga zowonjezera, zooneka ngati diamondi pang'ono.

DOUBLE-BEMOL chizindikiro, motero, amalankhula za kutsika kwapawiri kwa cholembacho, mfundo yolembera chizindikiro ichi ndi yofanana ndi ya kalata ya Chingerezi W (kawiri V), ndiye kuti palibe imodzi, koma ma flats awiri amaikidwa pambali.

Kodi ma sharps ndi ma flats amasintha bwanji zolemba?

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kuonerera uku. Aliyense amene amayang'ana kiyibodi ya piyano adzawona kuti ili ndi makiyi oyera ndi akuda. Ndipo ndi makiyi oyera, zonse zimamveka bwino, ndi pa iwo kuti mutha kusewera zolemba zomwe mukudziwa za DO RE MI FA SOL LA SI. Kuti tipeze cholemba CHONCHO pa piyano, timatsogozedwa ndi makiyi akuda: pomwe pali makiyi awiri akuda, kumanzere kwa iwo ndi cholembera DO, ndipo zolemba zina zonse zimachokera ku DO motsatizana. Ngati simukudziwa bwino makiyi a piyano, tikukulimbikitsani kuti muphunzire za "malo a zolemba pa piyano".

Ndipo akuda ndi chiyani ndiye? Zongoyang'ana mumlengalenga? Koma pa zakuda, zomwe zimatchedwa zowomba ndi zowonongeka zimaseweredwa - zolemba zapamwamba ndi zochepa. Koma zambiri za izo pambuyo pake, koma tsopano tiyenera kulingalira mfundoyo. Zowoneka bwino komanso zophwanyika zimakweza kapena kutsitsa zolemba ndi HALF TONE. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani ndipo semitone ndi chiyani?

Semitone ndi mtunda wochepa kwambiri pakati pa mawu awiri. Ndipo pa kiyibodi ya piyano, semitone ndi mtunda kuchokera ku kiyi imodzi kupita kwa mnansi wapafupi. Ndipo apa makiyi onse oyera ndi akuda amaganiziridwa - popanda mipata.

Ma halftones amapangidwa pamene tikukwera kuchokera ku kiyi yoyera kupita ku wina wakuda, kapena pamene, mosiyana, timatsika kuchokera kumtundu wina wakuda kupita ku woyera wapafupi. Ndipo palinso ma semitone pakati pa makiyi oyera, kapena m'malo pakati pa mawu MI ndi FA, komanso SI ndi DO. Yang'anani mosamala makiyi awa - palibe makiyi akuda pakati pawo, palibe chomwe chimawalekanitsa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amakhalanso oyandikana kwambiri ndipo palinso mtunda wa semitone pakati pawo. Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mukumbukire ma semitone awiri achilendowa (MI-FA ndi SI-DO), adzabwera mothandiza kangapo.

Zomveka komanso zomveka pa kiyibodi ya piyano

Ngati lakuthwa likukweza cholemba ndi semitone (kapena mutha kunenanso ndi theka la kamvekedwe), ndiye izi zikutanthauza kuti tikamaimba piyano yakuthwa, tiyenera kulemba semitone yapamwamba (ndiye kuti, woyandikana naye wamkulu). ). Mwachitsanzo, ngati tikufuna kusewera C-SHARP, ndiye kuti timasewera kiyi yakuda yapafupi kuchokera ku DO, yomwe ili kumanja kwa white DO (ndiko kuti, timatenga semitone mmwamba). Ngati mukufuna kusewera D-SHARP, ndiye kuti timachita chimodzimodzi: timasewera fungulo lotsatira, lomwe lili pamwamba pa semitone (wakuda kumanja kwa RE yoyera).

Koma bwanji ngati palibe kiyi yakuda pafupi ndi kumanja? Kumbukirani matani athu oyera a theka MI-FA ndi SI-DO. Momwe mungasewere MI-DIEZ ngati palibe kiyi yakuda kumanja kwake kumtunda, komanso kusewera SI-DIEZ, yomwe ili ndi nkhani yomweyo? Ndipo zonse molingana ndi lamulo lomwelo - timalemba kumanja (ndiko, kumtunda), komwe ndi semitone yapamwamba. Chabwino, zisakhale zakuda, koma zoyera. Zimachitikanso kuti makiyi oyera amathandizana kunja kuno.

Yang'anani pa chithunzichi, apa pa makiyi a piyano asainidwa mawu akuthwa onse omwe ali mu octave:

Ndipo za ma flats, mwina munadziganizira nokha. Kuti muyimbe piyano pa piyano, muyenera kutenga fungulo la semitone pansi (ndiko kuti, kumunsi - kumanzere). Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kusewera RE-BEMOL, ndiye tengani kiyi yakuda kumanzere kwa RE yoyera, ngati MI-BEMOL, ndiye kumanzere kwa MI yoyera. Ndipo, zowonadi, mu ma halftones oyera, zolemba zimathandizanso wina ndi mnzake: FA-BEMOL imagwirizana ndi kiyi ya MI, ndi DO-BEMOL - ndi SI.

Chithunzichi tsopano chikuwonetsa ma flat onse pa makiyi a piyano:

Nanga bwanji zowotcha pawiri ndi ziwiri flat?

Ndipo kawiri-kuthwa ndi kawiri-lathyathyathya - kukwera kawiri ndi kugwa kawiri, ndithudi, kusintha cholemba ndi semitones awiri nthawi imodzi. Ma semitones awiri ndi magawo awiri a toni. Ngati mulumikiza magawo awiri a chinthu, ndiye kuti mumapeza chinthu chimodzi chonse. Mukaphatikiza ma semitones awiri, mumapeza toni imodzi yonse.

Chifukwa chake, zikuwoneka kuti DOUBLE-DIEZ imakweza cholembacho ndi toni yonse nthawi imodzi, ndipo DOUBLE-BEMOLE imatsitsa cholembacho ndi liwu lonse. Kapena ma semitone awiri ngati mukufuna bwino.

Kulankhula ndi kulemba bwanji?

LANGIZO #1. Pano tonse timati: DO-DIEZ, RE-DIEZ, MI-BEMOLE, LA-BEMOLE. Koma muyenera kulemba zolemba m'njira yosiyana, mosiyana - DIEZ-DO, DIEZ-RE, BEMOLE-MI, BEMOLE-LA. Ndiko kuti, chizindikiro chakuthwa kapena chathyathyathya chimayikidwa patsogolo pa cholembacho pasadakhale, ngati chizindikiro chochenjeza kwa woyendetsa galimoto. Ndichedwa kwambiri kuyika chopanda kapena chakuthwa pambuyo pa cholemba, chifukwa cholemba choyera chaseweredwa kale, chifukwa chakhala chabodza. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kulemba chikwangwani chomwe mukufuna chisanachitike.

LANGIZO #2. Chizindikiro chilichonse chiyenera kuikidwa ndendende pa wolamulira yemweyo pamene chizindikirocho chinalembedwa. Ndiko kuti, chizindikirocho chiyenera kukhala pafupi ndi cholembedwacho, chili ngati mlonda amene akuchilondera. Koma zowomba ndi ma flats, zomwe zimalembedwa pa olamulira olakwika kapena ngakhale kuwuluka kwinakwake mumlengalenga, ndizolakwika.

Makiyi ndi akuthwa mwachisawawa ndi ma flats

Zakuthwa ndi ma flats, ndiko kuti, zizindikiro za kusintha, ndi mitundu iwiri: KEY ndi RANDOM. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani? Choyamba, za zizindikiro zachisawawa. Apa zonse ziyenera kumveka bwino ndi dzina. Zina mwachisawawa ndi zomwe zimangobwera m'mawu oimba mwangozi, ngati bowa m'nkhalango. Kuthwa mwachisawawa kapena kuphwanyidwa kumaseweredwa pokhapokha muyeso yanyimbo pomwe mwaipeza, ndipo mulingo wotsatira, mawu oyera amaseweredwa.

Zolemba zazikulu ndizomwe zikuthwa ndi ma flats omwe amawonetsedwa mwadongosolo lapadera pafupi ndi treble kapena bass clef. Zizindikiro zotere, ngati zilipo, zimayikidwa (kukumbutsidwa) pamzere uliwonse. Ndipo zimakhala ndi zotsatira zapadera: zolemba zonse zomwe zimayikidwa ndi zowomba kapena zophwanyika pamakiyiwo zimaseweredwa ngati zomveka kapena zowonongeka mpaka kumapeto kwenikweni kwa nyimbo.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati pambuyo pa treble clef pali zolemba ziwiri zakuthwa - FA ndi DO, ndiye kuti kulikonse komwe tingapeze zolemba za FA ndi DO, tidzazisewera mwamphamvu. Zowona, nthawi zina zakuthwa izi zitha kuthetsedwa mwachisawawa, koma izi, monga mukudziwa kale, kwa nthawi imodzi yokha, ndiyeno zimaseweredwanso ngati zolimba.

Kapena chitsanzo china. Pambuyo pa bass clef pali ma flats anayi - SI, MI, LA ndi RE. Kodi timatani? Ndiko kulondola, kulikonse komwe tingapeze zolemba izi, timazisewera mopanda phokoso. Ndizo zonse nzeru.

Kuwongolera kwakanthawi komanso dongosolo lokhazikika

Mwa njira, zizindikiro zazikulu sizimayikidwa pambuyo pa fungulo mwachisawawa, koma nthawi zonse mu dongosolo lokhazikika. Woimba aliyense wodzilemekeza ayenera kukumbukira malamulowa ndikuwadziwa nthawi zonse. Dongosolo la sharps ndi: FA DO SOL RE LA MI SI. Ndipo dongosolo la ma flats ndi dongosolo lomwelo la sharps, kokha topsy-turvy: SI MI LA RE SOL DO FA.

Ndiko kuti, ngati pali katatu lakuthwa pafupi ndi fungulo, izi zidzakhala FA, DO ndi SALT - zitatu zoyambirira mu dongosolo, ngati zisanu, ndiye FA, DO, SALT, RE ndi LA (zakuthwa zisanu mu dongosolo, kuyambira chiyambi). Ngati pambuyo fungulo tiwona ma flats awiri, ndiye kuti awa adzakhala ma flats a SI ndi MI. Kodi mukumvetsa mfundo yake?

Ndipo tsopano chinthu china chofunika kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zizindikiro zazikulu zimawonetsedwa osati mwa dongosolo linalake, komanso nthawi zonse pa olamulira omwewo. Pachithunzichi chomwe chidzawonetsedwa pansipa, muwona malo olondola pamtengo wazitsulo zonse zisanu ndi ziwiri zakuthwa ndi ma flats asanu ndi awiri mu treble ndi bass clef. Yang'anani ndi kuloweza, kapena ngakhale bwino - lembaninso kangapo m'buku lanu la nyimbo. Ikani dzanja lanu, monga akunena.

Kusankhidwa kwa ma sharps ndi ma flats ndi dongosolo la makalata

Mwina munamvapo kale kuti pali kalembedwe ka zilembo. Malinga ndi dongosololi, zolembazo zimalembedwa m'zilembo za zilembo za Chilatini: C, D, E, F, G, A, H. Zilembo zisanu ndi ziwiri zimagwirizana ndi zolemba zisanu ndi ziwiri DO RE MI FA SOL LA ndi SI. Koma kuti mutchule zolemba zosinthidwa, m'malo mwa mawu akuthwa ndi athyathyathya, ma suffixes IS (lakuthwa) ndi ES (lathyathyathya) amawonjezeredwa ku zilembo. Mukhoza kuwerenga zambiri za izi ndi zomwe zili ndi zosiyana ndi malamulo omwe ali m'nkhani yakuti "Letter Design of notes".

Ndipo tsopano - masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuti mukumbukire bwino zomwe zakuthwa, zosalala ndi za bekar ndi mphamvu zawo, pamodzi ndi anyamata ochokera ku gulu la "Fidgets", phunzirani nyimbo ya L. Abelian kuchokera ku "Funny Solfeggio" pazizindikiro izi (onani kanema).