Kodi melismas mu nyimbo ndi chiyani

Nyimbo ndi luso la kukongola kwa mawu. M'zigawo zambiri za nyimbo, nyimboyi imakhala yaikulu kuposa nyimbo. Kufotokozera kwa melodic line, kusalala kapena spasmodicity, timbre - zonsezi zimayika malingaliro ndi chithunzi cha zomwe zikupangidwira. Melismas imathandizira kukulitsa nyimbo, kuzipangitsa kukhala zowala, zokongoletsedwa komanso zokongola kwambiri. Kodi melismas ndi zokongoletsera ndi chiyani? Kodi mawu amenewa anachokera kuti? Kodi zizindikiro za melismas ndi ziti ndipo zimafotokozedwa bwanji? Muphunzira za izi patsamba lino. 

Kodi zokongoletsera ndi melismas ndi chiyani?

Mawu akuti ornamentation amachokera ku liwu lachilatini ornamentum. Mawuwa amamasuliridwa ku Chirasha ngati chokongoletsera. Muzoimba nyimbo, zokongoletsera zimaphatikizapo njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakulolani kukongoletsa nyimbo mothandizidwa ndi ma toni othandizira. Ziwerengero zowonjezera zimatchedwa zokongoletsera, zomwe zikuphatikizapo:

• mafanizo - njira yopangira malembedwe a nyimbo, njira yosinthira;
• fioritures (transl. maluwa) - ndime za virtuoso zokhala ndi nthawi yaying'ono;
• ndime - kusuntha masikelo;
• tiraty ndi njira yothamanga ngati sikelo. Mawuwa ndi odziwika kwambiri pa luso la mawu, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu nyimbo zoimbira za akatswiri.

Melismas ndi mawu oimba a zokometsera zazing'ono za nyimbo. Kutchulidwa uku kumapezeka m'mawu komanso nyimbo zoimbira. Melismas amasiyana ndi nthawi ya phokoso, muzovuta zomwe zimachitika.

Ma melismas akuluakulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyimbo zachikale amaonedwa kuti ndi awa:

• chidziwitso chachifupi;
• cholemba chachisomo chachitali;
• modent;
• gruppetto;
• katatu;
• arpeggio.

Nyimbo zili ndi chinenero chachilendo, choncho n'zosadabwitsa kuti melismas ndi mitundu ina yachidule yomwe imafuna kutanthauzira. Kufunika kotereku kulenga zizindikiro zapadera kudawuka kuti apulumutse nthawi. Tiyeni tiganizire za melismas padera.

Grace note: notation, momwe mungasewere

Kutanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chijeremani ngati kugunda kusanachitike. Kukongoletsa kotereku kumatha kukhala ndi mawu amodzi kapena angapo. Chisomo chachisomo chimatsogolera kumodzi mwa mawu anyimbo. Ndikofunika kulingalira kuti ponena za rhythm, melisma imaphatikizidwa mu akaunti ya nthawi yomwe imamangiriridwa. Nthawi zambiri, notation ndi timapepala tating'ono kapena zolemba zomwe zimayikidwa pamwamba pa nyimbo kapena chord. Pali mitundu iwiri ya nthawi: yaifupi ndi yayitali. Mosiyana ndi lalifupi, kutalika kwa cholembera chachisomo chachitali pafupifupi nthawi zonse kumatenga theka kapena gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a zolemba zazikulu. Ndizosowa kwambiri. Yang'anani pa chithunzichi ndikumvetsera phokoso lachidziwitso chachifupi cha chisomo ndi phokoso la chisomo chachitali.

Malamulo amasewera a Grace:

1. Sewerani chisomo mwachangu.
2. Sankhani pulogalamu yoyenera. Ndikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zala zoyandikana.
3. Kuyenda kuyenera kukhala kosalala, kotsetsereka.
4. Kutsindika kuyenera kuikidwa pa mfundo yaikulu.

MORdent: notation, momwe mungasewere

Mordens amagawidwa kukhala amodzi kapena awiri. Komabe, iwo akhoza kuwoloka kapena osavuta. Imawonetsedwa ngati mzere wakuthwa wavy.

Wosavuta single morden ndi kuyimba kwa phokoso lalikulu kuchokera pamwamba. Pankhaniyi, nthawi imagawidwa. Imvani momwe kukongoletsa uku kumamvekera.

The double morden ndi yaitali kawiri kuposa morden imodzi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, iyenera kuchitidwa pamtengo wa cholemba chachikulu, ndiko kuti, sichiyenera kutenga nthawi yochuluka kuposa nthawi yomwe yatchulidwa. Mvetserani momwe kuwoloka ndi zosavuta ziwiri modents zikumveka.

Gruppetto amawerengedwa ngati gulu la zolemba, zomwe zimakhala ndi kuyimba kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mawu akulu. Chifukwa chake ngati chikwangwani cha gruppetto chili pamwamba pa cholembacho "chita", ndiye kuti chimadziwika kuti "re", "chitani", "si", "chitani". Kumene re ndi si adzakhala nyimbo zoyambira. Chiwerengerochi chikuchitidwa mkati mwa nthawi yayikulu.

Trill: notation momwe mungasewere

Malingana ndi njira yogwirira ntchito, trill ndi imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri komanso zovuta. Ndikusintha mwachangu kwa zolemba zoyandikana, zomwe zimakumbukira ma trill a nightingale. Zowonetsedwa ngati kuphatikiza kwa zilembo "tr" pamwamba pa cholemba chachikulu. Mvetserani momwe zokongoletserazi zimamvekera:

Trill iyenera kuseweredwa motere:

1. Palibe chifukwa chothamangira mukamasewera mndandanda wa zolemba mu trill kwa nthawi yoyamba.
2. Sinthani kulemera kwanu kuchokera ku chala chimodzi kupita ku china;
3. Onetsetsani kusinthasintha kwa phokoso;
4. Sewerani pang'onopang'ono mpaka mutamasuka kusuntha;
5. Pang'onopang'ono yonjezerani liwiro mpaka mutabweretsa liwiro lofunika.

Ndikofunikira kuti trill ikhale yofanana komanso yosasokoneza mayendedwe onse a mita muzolembazo.

Arpeggio: zolemba momwe mungasewere

Njira imeneyi imagwira ntchito makamaka popanga ma chords, nthawi zambiri pakapita nthawi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida monga piyano, zeze, gitala, kapena gulu la zida zoimbira. Imawonetsedwa ndi mzere wopindika wopindika pagulu lonselo. Phokoso limaseweredwa kuchokera pansi mmwamba mothamanga motsatizana. Mvetserani momwe nyimbo imamvekera ikaseweredwa ndi arpeggio.

Momwe mungaphunzirire kusewera arpeggios:

1. Sankhani chala chosavuta;
2. Pang'onopang'ono sewetsani kamvekedwe ka mawu oyambira;
3. Yang'anani kusinthasintha kwa rhythm;
4. Pang'onopang'ono, liwiro likhoza kuwonjezeka;
5. Onetsetsani kuti mapewa asadzuke, chifukwa izi zikuwonetsa ma clamps.
6. Kuyenda kuyenera kukhala kofulumira komanso kofulumira.

Ndikofunikira kuti dzanja lisatsekedwe panthawi yogwira ntchito. Burashi iyenera kukhala yaulere, iyenera kumveka phokoso lapamwamba la chord.

Mbiri ya zokongoletsera

Pamene nyimbo idabadwa, ndiye kuti panali chikhumbo chofuna kuti cholingacho chikhale chosiyana kwambiri ndi chithandizo cha kutembenuka kosangalatsa. Pang'onopang'ono, pamene zolemba za nyimbo zinakhazikitsidwa, pamene luso la nyimbo linavomerezedwa, ndiye kuti kuwerengera kunayamba m'mbiri ya zokongoletsera. Zoona zake n’zakuti zosintha zambiri sizinangokhala mbali ya kukonzanso, komanso zizindikiro zina zomwe nthawi zambiri zinkalembedwa ndi olemba nyimbo.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa melismas mu nyimbo zoimbira ndi zoyimba kudayamba kutchuka kwambiri munthawi ya Baroque. Nyimbo m'zaka za m'ma 16-18 zinali zodzaza ndi zokongoletsera zabwino. M'ntchito zambiri za Bach, ma mordens ndi ma trill amapezeka. 

M'masiku amenewo, mtundu wa "konsati" unali wofala. Zodziwika bwino za mtunduwo zikuphatikizapo nthawi ya mpikisano, mu solo cadence woimbayo ankayenera kusonyeza luso komanso kulamulira bwino kwa chidacho, komanso kalembedwe kake ka nyimbo. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa melismas kunathandizira kuwonjezera chisangalalo ndi chikhalidwe ku nyimbo, komanso kuwonetsa luso la woimba kuti asinthe mwaluso.

Mu nyimbo zamawu, makamaka mu opera ya ku Italy , kukongoletsa kunapatsidwa kufunikira kwakukulu. Oimba ayenera kuti ankadziwa luso loimba nyimbo zachisomo mosavuta.  

Ntchito zosawerengeka zokongola komanso zokongola zitha kupezeka mu nthawi ya Rococo. Kuchuluka kwa melismas kumapambana mu ntchito ya oimba zeze aku France Francois Couperin ndi Jean Philippe Rameau.

Mu nyimbo za chikondi, melismatics idagwiritsidwanso ntchito mwachangu. Muzojambula zazing'ono za piyano Franz Liszt, Frederic Chopin, melismas anathandiza kukongoletsa nyimbo, kuzipangitsa kukhala zamtima komanso zogwira mtima.

Melismas imatha kumvekanso mu nyimbo zamakono. Kotero mu jazz ndi blues, oimba nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zolemba zachisomo ndi ma trills. Zokongoletsa izi makamaka khalidwe improvisation.