Kodi woyimba woyamba ayenera kuwerenga chiyani? Ndi mabuku otani omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito kusukulu yanyimbo?

Kodi mungapite bwanji ku opera ndikupeza chisangalalo kuchokera pamenepo, osati kukhumudwa? Kodi mungapewe bwanji kugona pamakonsati a symphony, ndiyeno ndikungodandaula kuti zonse zidatha mwachangu? Kodi tingamvetse bwanji nyimbo zomwe, poyamba, zimaoneka ngati zachikale?

Zikuoneka kuti aliyense akhoza kuphunzira zonsezi. Ana amaphunzitsidwa izi mu sukulu ya nyimbo (ndipo bwino kwambiri, ndiyenera kunena), koma wamkulu aliyense akhoza kudziwa zinsinsi zonse. Buku la mabuku oimba lidzathandiza. Ndipo palibe chifukwa choopa mawu oti "buku lophunzirira". Kodi bukhu lophunzitsira mwana liri lotani, kwa munthu wamkulu ndi “buku la nthano lokhala ndi zithunzi,” limene limachititsa chidwi ndi “chidwi” chake.

Za mutu wa "musical literature"

Mwina imodzi mwamitu yosangalatsa kwambiri yomwe ophunzira akusukulu yanyimbo amatenga ndi zolemba zanyimbo. M'nkhani zake, maphunzirowa akukumbutsanso maphunziro a mabuku omwe amaphunzira kusukulu ya sekondale yokhazikika: kokha m'malo mwa olemba - olemba, m'malo mwa ndakatulo ndi prose - nyimbo zabwino kwambiri za nyimbo zamakono komanso zamakono.

Chidziwitso chomwe chimaperekedwa m'maphunziro a nyimbo zoimbira chimakulitsa luso laukadaulo ndikukulitsa modabwitsa oimba achichepere m'magawo a nyimbo zokha, mbiri yapakhomo ndi yakunja, zopeka, zisudzo ndi zojambula. Chidziwitso chomwechi chimakhalanso ndi chiyambukiro chachindunji pamaphunziro anyimbo othandiza (kuyimba chida).

Aliyense ayenera kuphunzira mabuku oimba

Kutengera phindu lake lapadera, maphunziro a nyimbo atha kulimbikitsidwa kwa akuluakulu kapena oyambira odziphunzitsa okha. Palibe maphunziro ena anyimbo omwe amapereka kukwanira komanso chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza nyimbo, mbiri yake, masitayelo, nyengo ndi olemba nyimbo, mitundu ndi mawonekedwe, zida zoimbira ndi mawu oimbira, njira zochitira ndi kupanga, njira zofotokozera komanso kuthekera kwa nyimbo, ndi zina zambiri.

Kodi mumaphunzira chiyani mu maphunziro a nyimbo?

Zolemba zanyimbo ndi phunziro lokakamizidwa kuti liphunzire m'madipatimenti onse asukulu yanyimbo. Maphunzirowa amaphunzitsidwa zaka zinayi, pomwe oimba achichepere amazolowerana ndi ntchito zambiri zaluso ndi nyimbo.

Chaka choyamba - "Nyimbo, mawonekedwe ake ndi mitundu"

Chaka choyamba, monga lamulo, chimaperekedwa ku nkhani zokhudzana ndi nyimbo zoyambira, mitundu ndi mawonekedwe, zida zoimbira, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya oimba ndi ma ensembles, momwe mungamvetsere ndikumvetsetsa nyimbo molondola.

Chaka chachiwiri - "Mabuku oimba akunja"

Chaka chachiwiri nthawi zambiri umalimbana bwino wosanjikiza wachilendo nyimbo chikhalidwe. Nkhani yake imayamba kuyambira nthawi zakale, kuyambira kuyambika kwake, mpaka ku Middle Ages mpaka kwa anthu oimba nyimbo zazikulu. Olemba asanu ndi mmodzi amawunikidwa m'mitu yayikulu ndipo amaphunziridwa m'maphunziro angapo. Uyu ndiye wolemba nyimbo wa ku Germany wa nthawi ya Baroque JS Bach, atatu "Viennese classics" - J. Haydn, VA Mozart ndi L. van Beethoven, okonda F. Schubert ndi F. Chopin. Pali ndithu zambiri chikondi oimba; palibe nthawi yokwanira yodziwiratu ntchito ya aliyense wa iwo mu maphunziro a sukulu, koma lingaliro la nyimbo za chikondi, ndithudi, limaperekedwa.

Wolfgang AmadeusMozart

Tikayang'ana ntchito, buku la mabuku oimba a mayiko akunja limatidziwitsa mndandanda wochititsa chidwi wa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Iyi ndi opera ya Mozart "The Marriage of Figaro" yotengera chiwembu cha wolemba sewero wa ku France Beaumarchais, komanso ma symphonies 4 - Haydn's 103rd (otchedwa "With tremolo timpani"), nyimbo ya 40 yotchuka ya Mozart ya G Minor symphony, Beethoven's. No. 5 ndi “mutu” wake Choikidwiratu” ndi “Unfinished Symphony” lolembedwa ndi Schubert; Pakati pa ntchito zazikulu za symphonic, Beethoven's "Egmont" overture ikuphatikizidwanso.

Kuphatikiza apo, sonata ya piyano imaphunziridwa - sonata ya 8 ya Beethoven ya "Pathetique", sonata ya 11 ya Mozart yokhala ndi "Turkish Rondo" yodziwika bwino pomaliza ndi Haydn's D major sonata. Pakati pa ntchito zina za piyano, bukhuli limayambitsa ma etudes, nocturnes, polonaises ndi mazurkas ndi woimba wamkulu wa ku Poland Chopin. Ntchito zamawu zimaphunziridwanso - nyimbo za Schubert, nyimbo yake yabwino kwambiri yapemphero "Ave Maria", "The Forest King" yochokera palemba la Goethe, "Evening Serenade" yomwe aliyense amakonda, nyimbo zina zingapo, komanso nyimbo " Mkazi Wokongola wa Miller”.

Chaka chachitatu "Russian nyimbo mabuku m'zaka za m'ma 19"

Chaka chachitatu cha maphunziro chimaperekedwa kwathunthu ku nyimbo zaku Russia kuyambira nthawi zakale mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19. Ndi mafunso ati omwe sanakhudzidwe ndi mitu yoyambirira, yomwe imakamba za nyimbo zamtundu wa anthu, za luso loimba nyimbo za tchalitchi, za chiyambi cha zojambula zapadziko lapansi, za olemba akuluakulu a nyengo yachikale - Bortnyansky ndi Berezovsky, za ntchito yachikondi ya Varlamov, Gurilev, Alyabyev ndi Verstovsky.

Ziwerengero za olemba akuluakulu asanu ndi limodzi amayikidwanso patsogolo: MI Glinka, AS Dargomyzhsky, AP Borodina, MP Mussorgsky, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, PI Tchaikovsky. Aliyense wa iwo samawoneka ngati wojambula wanzeru, komanso ngati umunthu wapadera. Mwachitsanzo, Glinka amatchedwa woyambitsa Russian nyimbo zapamwamba, Dargomyzhsky amatchedwa mphunzitsi wa choonadi nyimbo. Borodin, pokhala katswiri wa zamankhwala, adalemba nyimbo zokha "kumapeto kwa sabata", ndipo Mussorgsky ndi Tchaikovsky, m'malo mwake, anasiya ntchito yawo chifukwa cha nyimbo; Rimsky-Korsakov ali wamng'ono anayamba ulendo wozungulira dziko.

MI Glinka opera "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila"

Nyimbo zomwe zadziwika bwino panthawiyi ndizambiri komanso zazikulu. Kwa chaka chimodzi, mndandanda wonse wa zisudzo zazikulu zaku Russia zimachitidwa: "Ivan Susanin", "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila" ndi Glinka, "Rusalka" ndi Dargomyzhsky, "Prince Igor" ndi Borodin, "Boris Godunov" ndi Mussorgsky, "The Snow Maiden", "Sadko" ndi "The Tale of the Tsar" Saltana ndi Rimsky-Korsakov, "Eugene Onegin" ndi Tchaikovsky. Pozoloŵerana ndi maseŵero ameneŵa, ophunzira mosadzifunira amakumana ndi mabuku amene amapanga maziko awo. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati tilankhula makamaka za sukulu yanyimbo, ndiye kuti zolemba zakalezi zimaphunziridwa asanaphunzire kusukulu yamaphunziro wamba - kodi izi sizopindulitsa?

Kuphatikiza pa zisudzo, nthawi yomweyo amaphunzira zachikondi zambiri (Glinka, Dargomyzhsky, Tchaikovsky), mwa zomwe zinalembedwanso ndakatulo ndi ndakatulo zazikulu zaku Russia. Palinso ma symphonies akuchitidwa - "Heroic" ya Borodin, "Winter Dreams" ndi "Pathetique" yolemba Tchaikovsky, komanso Rimsky-Korsakov's brilliant symphonic suite - "Scheherazade" yotengera nthano za "Masiku Chikwi ndi Chimodzi". Pakati pa ntchito za piyano munthu akhoza kutchula maulendo akuluakulu: "Zithunzi pa Chiwonetsero" ndi Mussorgsky ndi "Nyengo" za Tchaikovsky.

Chaka chachinayi - "Nyimbo zapakhomo za m'zaka za zana la 20"

Buku lachinayi la mabuku oimba limagwirizana ndi chaka chachinayi cha kuphunzitsa phunziroli. Nthawi ino, zokonda za ophunzira zimayang'ana kwambiri nyimbo zaku Russia zazaka za m'ma 20 ndi 21. Mosiyana ndi m'mabuku am'mbuyomu a nyimbo zoimbira, buku laposachedwali limasinthidwa pafupipafupi - zomwe amaphunzira amazijambulanso, zodzazidwa ndi chidziwitso chazopambana zaposachedwa za nyimbo zamaphunziro.

SS Prokofiev ballet "Romeo ndi Juliet"

Nkhani yachinayi imakamba za zomwe olemba nyimbo monga SV Rachmaninov, AN Scriabin, IF Stravinsky, SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, GV Sviridov, komanso gulu lonse la oimba amakono kapena amakono - VA Gavrilina, RK Shchedrina. , EV Tishchenko ndi ena.

Ntchito zowunikidwa zikuchulukirachulukira modabwitsa. Sikoyenera kuwalemba onse; Ndikokwanira kutchula zaluso monga nyimbo yachiwiri ya piyano yomwe imakonda kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi Rachmaninoff, ma ballet otchuka a Stravinsky ("Petrushka", "Firebird") ndi Prokofiev ("Romeo ndi Juliet", "Cinderella" "), "Leningrad" Symphony ndi Shostakovich, "ndakatulo mu Memory Sergei Yesenin" ndi Sviridov ndi ntchito zina zambiri zanzeru.

Ndi mabuku otani a nyimbo omwe alipo?

Masiku ano, palibe zosankha zambiri zamabuku ophunzirira nyimbo kusukulu, koma pali "zosiyanasiyana". Ena mwa mabuku oyambirira omwe anagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira ambiri anali mabuku ochokera mndandanda wa mabuku oimba nyimbo ndi wolemba IA Prokhorova. Olemba ambiri amakono - VE Bryantseva, OI Averyanova.

Mlembi wa mabuku oimba nyimbo, amene pafupifupi dziko lonse tsopano kuphunzira, - Maria Shornikova. Iye ali ndi mabuku a maphunziro onse anayi a phunziroli. Ndizosangalatsa kuti m'mabuku aposachedwa mabukuwa alinso ndi chimbale chojambulira ntchito zomwe zachitika bwino kwambiri - izi zimathetsa vuto lopeza nyimbo zofunikira pamaphunziro, homuweki, kapena kuphunzira paokha. Mabuku ena ambiri abwino kwambiri okhudza zolemba zanyimbo apezeka posachedwa. Ndikubwereza zimenezo Akuluakulu angathenso kuŵerenga mabuku oterowo mopindulitsa kwambiri.

Mabuku ophunzirirawa amagulitsidwa mwachangu m'masitolo ndipo ndiosavuta kuwapeza. Chowonadi ndi chakuti amasindikizidwa m'mabaibulo ang'onoang'ono, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amasandulika kukhala osowa kwambiri. Kuti musataye nthawi yanu kusaka, ndikupangira itanitsani mndandanda wonse wa mabukuwa mwachindunji patsamba lino pamitengo ya osindikiza: ingodinani pa batani la "Buy" ndikuyika oda yanu pawindo la sitolo yapaintaneti yomwe imawonekera. Kenako, sankhani njira yolipirira ndi yobweretsera. Ndipo m’malo mokhala ndi maola ambiri mukuyendayenda m’masitolo ogulitsa mabuku kufunafuna mabukuwa, muwapeza m’mphindi zochepa chabe.

Ndiroleni ndikukumbutseni kuti lero, mwanjira ina, tinayamba kulankhula za mabuku omwe angakhale othandiza kwa aliyense woyimba kapena munthu amene amangokonda nyimbo zachikale. Inde, ngakhale awa ndi mabuku, koma yesani kuwatsegula ndikusiya kuwerenga?

Mabuku ophunzirira nyimbo ndi mtundu wina wa mabuku olakwika, osangalatsa kwambiri kuti atchulidwe ngati mabuku. Oimba openga a m’tsogolo amawagwiritsa ntchito pophunzira m’sukulu zawo zoimbira nyimbo zopenga, ndipo usiku, pamene oimba achichepere akugona, makolo awo amaŵerenga mabuku ameneŵa mosangalala, chifukwa n’ngosangalatsa! Pano!