Albert Rossel |

Albert Rossel

Wambiri ya A. Roussel, mmodzi mwa olemba nyimbo otchuka a ku France a m’zaka zoyambirira za m’ma 25, ndi zachilendo. Anakhala zaka zake zachinyamata akuyenda panyanja ya Indian ndi Pacific, monga N. Rimsky-Korsakov, adayendera mayiko achilendo. Mkulu wa asilikali apanyanja Roussel sanaganize nkomwe za nyimbo ngati ntchito. Pokhapokha mu 1894 adaganiza zodzipereka kwathunthu ku nyimbo. Patapita nthawi yokayikakayika, Roussel anapempha kuti asiye ntchito n’kukakhala m’tauni yaing’ono ya Roubaix. Apa akuyamba makalasi mogwirizana ndi mkulu wa sukulu m'deralo nyimbo. Kuyambira pa Okutobala 4 Roussel amakhala ku Paris, komwe amaphunzira maphunziro a nyimbo kuchokera kwa E. Gigot. Pambuyo pa zaka za 1902, adalowa mu Schola cantorum m'gulu la nyimbo za V. d'Andy, komwe kale mu XNUMX adaitanidwa ku udindo wa pulofesa wa counterpoint. Kumeneko anaphunzitsa mpaka pamene nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse inayamba. Kalasi ya Roussel imapezeka ndi olemba nyimbo omwe pambuyo pake adatenga malo otchuka mu chikhalidwe cha nyimbo cha France, E. Satie, E. Varèse, P. Le Flem, A. Roland-Manuel.

Nyimbo zoyamba za Roussel, zomwe adachita motsogozedwa ndi iye mu 1898. ndipo adalandira mphotho pampikisano wa Society of Composers, sizinapulumuke. Mu 1903, ntchito ya symphonic "Kuuka kwa Akufa", youziridwa ndi buku la L. Tolstoy, inachitika pa konsati ya National Musical Society (A. Corto). Ndipo ngakhale izi zisanachitike, dzina la Roussel limadziwika m'magulu oimba chifukwa cha chipinda chake komanso nyimbo zake (Trio for limba, violin ndi cello, ndakatulo zinayi za mawu ndi piyano ku mavesi a A. Renier, "The Hours Pass" za piyano).

Chidwi cha Kum'mawa chimamupangitsa Roussel kuyambanso ulendo wopita ku India, Cambodia ndi Ceylon. Wopekanso amasilira akachisi akuluakulu, amapita ku zisudzo za mthunzi, amamvetsera oimba a gamelan. Mabwinja a mzinda wakale wa Chittor wa ku India, kumene Padmavati analamulirapo, amamuchititsa chidwi kwambiri. Kum'mawa, yemwe luso lake loimba Roussel adakumana nalo paunyamata wake, adalemeretsa chilankhulo chake choyimba. M'zaka zoyambirira, wolembayo amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe amtundu wa Indian, Cambodian, nyimbo za ku Indonesia. Zithunzi za Kum'mawa zimaperekedwa momveka bwino mu opera-ballet Padmavati, yomwe inachitika ku Grand Opera (1923) ndi kupambana kwakukulu. Pambuyo pake, mu 30s. Roussel ndi m'modzi mwa anthu oyamba kugwiritsa ntchito m'ntchito yake zomwe zimatchedwa kuti zachilendo - Greek, Chinese, Indian (Sonata for Violin ndi Piano).

Roussel sanathawe chisonkhezero cha Impressionism. Mu sewero limodzi la ballet The Phwando la Kangaude (1912), adapanga zigoli zodziwika chifukwa cha kukongola kodabwitsa kwa zithunzizo, zoyimba zokongola komanso zotsogola.

Kuchita nawo Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse kunasintha kwambiri moyo wa Roussel. Kubwerera kuchokera kutsogolo, wolemba amasintha kalembedwe kake ka kulenga. Amagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chatsopano cha neoclassicism. “Albert Roussel akutisiya,” analemba motero wotsutsa E. Viyermoz, wotsatira maganizo a maganizo, “akuchoka popanda kutsanzikana, mwakachetechete, moikirapo mtima, moletsa . . . Koma kuti? Kuchoka kwa impressionism kukuwonekera kale mu Second Symphony (1919-22). Mu Third (1930) ndi Fourth Symphonies (1934-35), woimbayo akudzitsimikizira yekha pa njira yatsopano, kupanga ntchito zomwe mfundo zolimbikitsa zikuwonekera.

Kumapeto kwa 20s. Zolemba za Roussel zimatchuka kumayiko ena. Mu 1930, amayendera USA ndipo alipo pakuchita kwa Third Symphony ndi Boston Symphony Orchestra motsogozedwa ndi S. Koussevitzky, yemwe adalembedwa.

Roussel anali ndi udindo waukulu monga mphunzitsi. Pakati pa ophunzira ake pali olemba ambiri otchuka a zaka za m'ma 1935: pamodzi ndi omwe tawatchula pamwambapa, awa ndi B. Martinou, K. Risager, P. Petridis. Kuyambira 1937 mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake (XNUMX), Roussel anali wapampando wa Popular Musical Federation of France.

Pofotokoza cholinga chake, wolemba nyimboyo anati: “Chipembedzo cha zinthu zauzimu ndicho maziko a chitaganya chilichonse chimene chimati n’chotukuka, ndipo pakati pa zaluso zina, nyimbo ndiyo njira yosonyezera chifundo ndi yapamwamba kwambiri ya mfundo zimenezi.”

V. Ilyeva

Zolemba:

machitidwe - Padmavati (opera-ballet, op. 1918; 1923, Paris), The Birth of the Lyre (lyric, La Naissance de la lyre, 1925, Paris), Chipangano cha Aunt Caroline (Le Testament de la tante Caroline, 1936, Olmouc , m’Chicheki . lang.; 1937, Paris, m’Chifulenchi); ballet – Phwando la Kangaude (Le festin de l'araignee. 1-kuchita pantomime ballet; 1913, Paris), Bacchus ndi Ariadne (1931, Paris), Aeneas (ndi kwaya; 1935, Brussels); Mawu (Evocations, for soloists, choir ndi orchestra, 1922); za orchestra - 4 symphonies (ndakatulo ya Forest - La Poeme de la foret, programmatic, 1906; 1921, 1930, 1934), ndakatulo za symphonic: Lamlungu (Kuuka kwa akufa, malinga ndi L. Tolstoy, 1903) ndi Phwando la Spring (Pour une fete de printemps, 1920, 1926 ) , suite F-dur (Suite en Fa, 1929), Petite suite (1936), Flemish Rhapsody (Rapsodie flamande, 1934), symphoniette for string orchestra. (XNUMX); nyimbo za oimba ankhondo; kwa zida ndi okhestra -fp. concerto (1927), concertino ya wc. (1936); ma ensembles a chipinda - duet ya bassoon yokhala ndi ma bass awiri (kapena ndi vlc., 1925), atatu - p. (1902), zingwe (1937), za chitoliro, viola ndi woofer. (1929), zingwe. quartet (1932), divertissement for sextet (quintet yauzimu ndi piyano, 1906), sonatas ya Skr. ndi fp. (1908, 1924), zidutswa za piyano, limba, zeze, gitala, chitoliro ndi clarinet yokhala ndi piyano; kwaya; nyimbo; nyimbo za zisudzo za zisudzo, kuphatikiza sewero la R. Rolland "Julayi 14" (pamodzi ndi A. Honegger ndi ena, 1936, Paris).

Ntchito zamalemba: Kudziwa kusankha, (P., 1936); Kusinkhasinkha pa nyimbo lero, в кн.: Bernard R., A. Roussel, P., 1948.

Zothandizira: Jourdan-Morhange H., Mes amis oimba, P., 1955 (kumasulira kwa Chirasha - Jourdan-Morhange E., Mnzanga ndi woimba, M., 1966); Schneerson G., Nyimbo yaku France ya 1964th Century, Moscow, 1970, XNUMX.