Karl (Karoy) Goldmark (Karl Goldmark) |

Karl Goldmark

Moyo ndi ntchito ya Karoly Goldmark ndi kulimbana kosalekeza kwa mkate, kulimbana kwa chidziwitso, malo a moyo, kukonda kukongola, ulemu, luso.

Chilengedwe chinapatsa woyimba luso lapadera: m'mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri, chifukwa cha chitsulo, Goldmark anali kuchita maphunziro aumwini, kuphunzira nthawi zonse. Ngakhale m'moyo wanyimbo wolemera kwambiri wazaka za m'ma XNUMX, adatha kukhalabe payekha, mtundu wapadera wonyezimira ndi mitundu yokongola yakum'mawa, kamvekedwe ka mphepo yamkuntho, nyimbo zambirimbiri zomwe zimagwira ntchito yake yonse.

Goldmark amadziphunzitsa yekha. Aphunzitsi ankangomuphunzitsa luso loimba violin. Luso lovuta la counterpoint, luso lopangidwa ndi zida, ndi mfundo zenizeni za zida zamakono, amaphunzira yekha.

Iye anachokera m’banja losauka kwambiri moti ali ndi zaka 12 sankathabe kuŵerenga kapena kulemba, ndipo pamene anabwera kudzalowa mphunzitsi wake woyamba, woimba violin, iwo anam’patsa zachifundo, akumaganiza kuti anali wopemphapempha. Atakula, atakula ngati wojambula, Goldmark adasanduka mmodzi mwa oimba olemekezeka kwambiri ku Ulaya.

Ali ndi zaka 14, mnyamatayo anasamukira ku Vienna, kwa mchimwene wake Joseph Goldmark, yemwe anali wophunzira wachipatala. Ku Vienna, anapitiriza kuimba violin, koma mchimwene wake sanakhulupirire kuti Goldmark wabwino woyimba zeze, ndipo anaumirira kuti mnyamata kulowa sukulu luso. Mnyamatayo amamvera, koma nthawi yomweyo amauma. Polowa m'sukulu, nthawi yomweyo amalemba mayeso ku Conservatory.

Patapita nthawi, Goldmark anakakamizika kusokoneza maphunziro ake. Kuukira ku Vienna kunayambika. Josef Goldmark, yemwe anali m'modzi mwa atsogoleri a achinyamata osintha zinthu, ayenera kuthawa - ma gendarms akumufunafuna. Wophunzira wachinyamata wa Conservatory, Karoly Goldmark, amapita ku Sopron ndikuchita nawo nkhondo kumbali ya zigawenga za ku Hungary. Mu October 1849, woimba wamng'ono anakhala woyimba zeze mu oimba a Sopron Theatre Company ya Cottown.

M’chilimwe cha 1850, Goldmark anaitanidwa kuti abwere ku Buda. Apa amasewera gulu la oimba akuimba m'malo ndi m'bwalo la zisudzo la Buda Castle. Anzake ndi kampani yachisawawa, komabe amapindula nawo. Amamuwonetsa ku nyimbo za opera za nthawi imeneyo - nyimbo za Donizetti, Rossini, Verdi, Meyerbeer, Aubert. Goldmark amabwerekanso piyano ndipo pamapeto pake amakwaniritsa maloto ake akale: amaphunzira kuyimba piyano, ndipo ndikuchita bwino kwambiri kotero kuti posakhalitsa amayamba kudziphunzitsa yekha ndikuchita ngati woyimba piyano pamipira.

Mu February 1852 tinapeza Goldmark ku Vienna, kumene amasewera mu oimba zisudzo. "Mnzake" wokhulupirika - chosowa - sichimamusiya panonso.

Anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 30 pamene ankaimbanso nyimbo.

M'zaka za m'ma 60, nyuzipepala yotsogolera nyimbo, Neue Zeitschrift für Musik, inali kale kulemba za Goldmark monga wolemba nyimbo wotchuka. Pambuyo pakuchita bwino kunabwera masiku owala, osasamala. Mabwenzi ake akuphatikizapo woyimba piyano wa ku Russia Anton Rubinstein, wolemba nyimbo Korneliyo, wolemba The Barber wa Baghdad, koma koposa zonse, Franz Liszt, yemwe, mopanda chidaliro chonse, adawona luso lalikulu mu Goldmark. Panthawiyi, adalemba ntchito zomwe zidayenda bwino padziko lonse lapansi: "Hymn of Spring" (ya solo viola, kwaya ndi okhestra), "Ukwati Wadziko" (symphony for ochestra yayikulu) ndi "Sakuntala" yopangidwa mu Meyi 1865.

Ngakhale kuti "Sakuntala" ikukolola bwino kwambiri, woimbayo anayamba kugwira ntchito pa "Queen of Sheba".

Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri zogwira ntchito mwakhama, zolimba, opera inali itakonzeka. Komabe, kutsutsidwa kwa zisudzo sikunaganizirenso za kutchuka kwakukulu kwa Mlengi wa "Sakuntala". Pazifukwa zopanda pake, nyimboyi inkakanidwa mobwerezabwereza. Ndipo Goldmark, atakhumudwitsidwa, adabwerera. Anabisa mphambu ya Mfumukazi ya ku Sheba mu drawer ya patebulo lake.

Pambuyo pake, Liszt adabwera kudzamuthandiza, ndipo mu imodzi mwamakonsati ake adachita ulendo wochokera ku Mfumukazi ya ku Sheba.

“Kugubako,” akulemba motero wolemba mwiniyo, “kunali chipambano chachikulu, chamkuntho. Franz Liszt poyera, kuti aliyense amve, anandiyamikira ... "

Ngakhale pano, komabe, gululi silinasiye kulimbana ndi Goldmark. Mbuye wochititsa mantha wa nyimbo ku Vienna, Hanslick, amachita za opera ndi cholembera chimodzi: "Ntchitoyi ndi yosayenerera pabwalo. Ndime yokhayo yomwe ikumvekabe mwanjira ina ndiyo kuguba. Ndipo zatsirizika. ”…

Zinatengera kulowererapo mwamphamvu kwa Franz Liszt kuti athetse kutsutsa kwa atsogoleri a Vienna Opera. Pomaliza, patatha nthawi yayitali, Mfumukazi ya ku Sheba idakhazikitsidwa pa Marichi 10, 1875 pa siteji ya Vienna Opera.

Patatha chaka chimodzi, opera idawonetsedwanso ku Hungarian National Theatre, komwe idachitidwa ndi Sandor Erkel.

Pambuyo pa kupambana ku Vienna ndi Pest, Mfumukazi ya ku Sheba inalowa mu repertoire ya nyumba za opera ku Ulaya. Dzina la Goldmark tsopano likutchulidwa pamodzi ndi mayina a olemba nyimbo za opera.

Balasha, Gal