Alexis Weissenberg |

Alexis Weissenberg

Tsiku lina m’chilimwe mu 1972, Holo ya Concert ya ku Bulgaria inadzaza kwambiri. Okonda nyimbo za Sofia adabwera ku konsati ya woyimba piyano Alexis Weissenberg. Onse wojambula ndi omvera a likulu la Bulgaria anali kuyembekezera tsiku lino ndi chisangalalo chapadera ndi kusaleza mtima, monga momwe amayi akudikirira msonkhano ndi mwana wake wotayika komanso wopezeka kumene. Iwo anamvetsera masewera ake ndi mpweya wamphepo, kenako sanamutulutse pa siteji kwa nthawi yoposa theka la ola, mpaka munthu wodziletsa ndi wowoneka bwino wa maonekedwe amasewera adachoka pabwalo ndikugwetsa misozi, nati: "Ndine Chibugariya. Ndinkakonda komanso kukonda dziko langa lokondedwa la Bulgaria. Sindidzaiwala nthawi ino.”

Izi zinatha pafupifupi zaka 30 za odyssey waluso wa ku Bulgaria, odyssey yodzaza ndi ulendo ndi kulimbana.

Ubwana wa wojambula tsogolo unadutsa mu Sofia. Amayi ake, katswiri wa piyano Lilian Piha, anayamba kumuphunzitsa nyimbo ali ndi zaka 6. Wolemba nyimbo wotchuka komanso woimba piyano Pancho Vladigerov posakhalitsa anakhala mphunzitsi wake, yemwe anamupatsa sukulu yabwino kwambiri, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, kukula kwa nyimbo zake.

Makonsati oyamba a Siggi wachichepere - lomwe linali dzina laukadaulo la Weisenberg ali wachinyamata - adachitikira ku Sofia ndi Istanbul bwino. Posakhalitsa adakopa chidwi cha A. Cortot, D. Lipatti, L. Levy.

Nkhondo itafika pachimake, mayiyo, akuthawa chipani cha Nazi, anatha kupita naye ku Middle East. Siggi anapereka zoimbaimba ku Palestine (komwe adaphunziranso ndi Pulofesa L. Kestenberg), kenako ku Egypt, Syria, South Africa, ndipo potsiriza anadza ku USA. Mnyamatayo amamaliza maphunziro ake ku Juilliard School, m'kalasi ya O. Samarova-Stokowskaya, amaphunzira nyimbo za Bach motsogoleredwa ndi Wanda Landdowskaya mwiniwake, mwamsanga amapeza bwino kwambiri. Kwa masiku angapo mu 1947, adapambana mipikisano iwiri nthawi imodzi - mpikisano wachinyamata wa Philadelphia Orchestra ndi Eighth Leventritt Competition, panthawiyo yomwe inali yofunika kwambiri ku America. Zotsatira zake - kuwonekera kopambana ndi Philadelphia Orchestra, ulendo wa mayiko khumi ndi limodzi ku Latin America, konsati ya solo ku Carnegie Hall. Pa ndemanga zambiri zachisangalalo za atolankhani, timatchulapo imodzi yomwe yaikidwa mu New York Telegram: "Weisenberg ali ndi njira zonse zofunika kwa katswiri waluso, luso lamatsenga la mawu, mphatso yopereka nyimbo ndi mpweya wamoyo. nyimbo…”

Umu ndi momwe kunayambira moyo wotanganidwa wa munthu woyendayenda, yemwe anali ndi luso lamphamvu komanso nyimbo zocheperako, koma zomwe, komabe, zidapambana. Koma mu 1957, Weisenberg mwadzidzidzi anamenya chivundikiro cha piyano ndipo anakhala chete. Atakhazikika ku Paris, adasiya kuchita. “Ndinamva,” iye anavomereza pambuyo pake, “kuti pang’onopang’ono ndinali kukhala mkaidi wa chizoloŵezi, mawu odziŵika kale amene ndinafunikira kuthaŵa. Ndinayenera kuyang'anitsitsa ndikuchita introspection, kugwira ntchito mwakhama - kuwerenga, kuphunzira, "kuukira" nyimbo za Bach, Bartok, Stravinsky, kuphunzira filosofi, mabuku, kuyeza zomwe ndingasankhe.

Kuthamangitsidwa mwaufulu kuchoka pa siteji kunapitirira - nkhani yomwe inali isanachitikepo - zaka 10! Mu 1966, Weisenberg adayambanso kuwonekeranso ndi gulu loimba ndi G. Karayan. Otsutsa ambiri adadzifunsa funsoli - kodi Weissenberg watsopano adawonekera pamaso pa anthu kapena ayi? Ndipo adayankha: osati chatsopano, koma, mosakayika, kusinthidwa, kukonzanso njira zake ndi mfundo zake, kupindula ndi repertoire, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri komanso koyenera muzojambula. Ndipo izi zinamubweretsera iye osati kutchuka kokha, komanso ulemu, ngakhale kuti si onse kuzindikira. Oimba piyano ochepa a m’tsiku lathu nthaŵi zambiri amabwera m’maganizo a anthu, koma oŵerengeka amayambitsa mikangano yotero, nthaŵi zina matalala a mivi yowopsa. Ena amamuika ngati wojambula wapamwamba kwambiri ndikumuyika pamlingo wa Horowitz, ena, pozindikira kuti ali ndi khalidwe labwino, amawatcha mbali imodzi, akugonjetsa mbali ya nyimbo. Wotsutsa E. Croher anakumbukira ponena za mikangano yoteroyo mawu a Goethe: “Ichi ndicho chizindikiro chabwino koposa chakuti palibe amene amalankhula za iye mosasamala.”

Zowonadi, kulibe anthu osayanjanitsika pamakonsati a Weisenberg. Umu ndi momwe mtolankhani wa ku France Serge Lantz akufotokozera momwe woimba piyano amachitira pa omvera. Weissenberg akutenga siteji. Mwadzidzidzi zimayamba kuoneka kuti ndi wamtali kwambiri. Kusintha kwa maonekedwe a munthu yemwe tangomuwona kumbuyo kwazithunzi ndizodabwitsa: nkhopeyo imakhala ngati yojambula kuchokera ku granite, uta umaletsedwa, kuphulika kwa kiyibodi ndi mphezi mofulumira, mayendedwe amatsimikiziridwa. Chithumwacho ndi chodabwitsa! Chisonyezero chapadera cha kukhoza kotheratu kwa umunthu wake ndi omvera ake. Kodi amawaganizira akamasewera? "Ayi, ndimayang'ana kwambiri nyimbo," akuyankha wojambulayo. Atakhala pachidacho, Weisenberg mwadzidzidzi amakhala wosakhala weniweni, akuwoneka kuti watchingidwa ndi dziko lakunja, akuyamba ulendo wosungulumwa kudzera pa ether ya nyimbo zapadziko lonse lapansi. Koma ndizowonanso kuti mwamuna mwa iye amatsogolera woyimba zida: umunthu wa woyamba umakhala wofunika kwambiri kuposa luso lomasulira lachiwiri, limalemeretsa ndi kupuma moyo mu njira yabwino yochitira. Uwu ndiye mwayi waukulu wa woyimba piyano Weisenberg ... "

Ndipo apa ndi momwe woimbayo amamvetsetsa ntchito yake: "Pamene woimba waluso alowa pabwalo, ayenera kudzimva ngati mulungu. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mugonjetse omvera ndikuwatsogolera kunjira yomwe mukufuna, kuwamasula ku malingaliro ndi ma clichés, kukhazikitsa ulamuliro wotheratu pa iwo. Ndipamene angatchedwe mlengi weniweni. Wopangayo ayenera kudziwa bwino za mphamvu zake pagulu, koma kuti atengere kunyada kapena zodzinenera, koma mphamvu zomwe zingamusinthe kukhala wolamulira woona pa siteji.

Chithunzi chojambulachi chimapereka lingaliro lolondola la njira ya kulenga ya Weisenberg, ya malo ake oyambirira aluso. Mwachilungamo, tikuwona kuti zotsatira zomwe iye wapeza sizikukhutiritsa aliyense. Otsutsa ambiri amakana iye kutentha, chifundo, uzimu, ndipo, motero, talente yeniyeni ya womasulira. Kodi, mwachitsanzo, mizere yotereyi yomwe inaikidwa mu magazini ya "Musical America" ​​​​mu 1975: "Alexis Weissenberg, ndi khalidwe lake lonse komanso luso lake, alibe zinthu ziwiri zofunika - luso ndi kumverera" ...

Komabe, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amasilira a Weisenberg, makamaka ku France, Italy ndi Bulgaria, chikukula mosalekeza. Ndipo osati mwangozi. Zoonadi, sizinthu zonse zomwe zili m'magulu akuluakulu a ojambula omwe amapambana mofanana (mu Chopin, mwachitsanzo, nthawi zina pamakhala kusowa kwa chilakolako chachikondi, chiyanjano chanyimbo), koma pakutanthauzira bwino amakwaniritsa ungwiro wapamwamba; nthawi zonse amapereka kugunda kwa malingaliro, kaphatikizidwe wa luntha ndi kupsa mtima, kukanidwa kwa clichés iliyonse, chizolowezi chilichonse - kaya tikukamba za partitas ya Bach kapena Kusiyana pamutu wa Goldberg, makonsati a Mozart, Beethoven, Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov, Prokofiev. , Brahms, Bartok. Liszt's Sonata mu B minor kapena Fog's Carnival, Petrushka ya Stravinsky kapena Ravel's Noble and Sentimental Waltzes ndi nyimbo zina zambiri.

Mwinamwake wotsutsa wa ku Bulgaria S. Stoyanova analongosola malo a Weisenberg m’dziko lamakono lanyimbo molongosoka: “Zochitika za Weisenberg zimafuna chinachake osati kungopenda chabe. Amafuna kupezeka kwa khalidwe, zenizeni, zomwe zimamupangitsa kukhala Weissenberg. Choyamba, poyambira ndi njira yokongola. Weisenberg imayang'ana kwambiri pamawonekedwe a wolemba aliyense, amawulula zinthu zake zodziwika bwino, zofanana ndi tanthauzo la masamu. Chifukwa chake, amapita ku chithunzi cha nyimbo mwachidule kwambiri, kufotokoza zambiri ... . Chifukwa chake, ku Weisenberg sitipeza zokhota zilizonse - osati motsata mtundu, kapena mtundu uliwonse wamalingaliro, kapena kwina kulikonse. Nthawi zonse amasewera momveka bwino, mwadala, motsimikiza komanso mogwira mtima. Ndibwino kapena ayi? Zonse zimadalira cholinga. Kuchulukitsidwa kwa nyimbo kumafunikira woyimba piyano wamtunduwu - izi ndizosatsutsika.

Zowonadi, zabwino za Weisenberg pakukweza nyimbo, pokopa zikwizikwi za omvera, ndizosatsutsika. Chaka chilichonse amapereka ambiri zoimbaimba osati mu Paris, m'malo akuluakulu, komanso m'matauni zigawo, makamaka mofunitsitsa amasewera makamaka achinyamata, amalankhula pa TV, ndi kuphunzira ndi oimba piyano achinyamata. Ndipo posachedwapa kunapezeka kuti wojambula amatha "kupeza" nthawi ya nyimbo: nyimbo yake ya Fugue, yomwe inachitikira ku Paris, inali yopambana yosatsutsika. Ndipo, ndithudi, Weisenberg tsopano amabwerera kudziko lakwawo chaka chilichonse, kumene amamulandira ndi zikwi za anthu okondwa.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990