Boris Alexandrovich Tchaikovsky |

Boris Tchaikovsky

Wolemba uyu ndi waku Russia kwambiri. Dziko lake lauzimu ndi dziko la zilakolako zoyera ndi zapamwamba. Pali zambiri zomwe sizinanenedwe mu nyimbo izi, kukoma mtima kobisika, kudzisunga kwauzimu kwakukulu. G. Sviridov

B. Tchaikovsky ndi mbuye wowala komanso wapachiyambi, yemwe chiyambi chake cha ntchito, chiyambi ndi kuipitsidwa kwazama kwa kuganiza kwa nyimbo zimagwirizanitsidwa. Kwa zaka makumi angapo, woimbayo, mosasamala kanthu za mayesero a mafashoni ndi zochitika zina zothandizira, mosasunthika amapita yekha mu luso. Ndikofunikira kuti ayambitse molimba mtima muzolemba zake nyimbo zosavuta, nthawi zina ngakhale zodziwika bwino komanso nyimbo zomveka. Pakuti, atadutsa fyuluta ya kuzindikira kwake kodabwitsa, luntha losatha, kuthekera kofanana ndi zomwe zikuwoneka kuti sizingagwirizane, zida zake zatsopano, zowonekera bwino, zomveka bwino, koma zolemera mumtundu wamtundu, molekyulu yodziwika bwino kwambiri imawonekera kwa omvera ngati wobadwanso. , amawulula tanthauzo lake, maziko ake ...

B. Tchaikovsky anabadwira m'banja lomwe nyimbo zinkakondedwa kwambiri ndipo ana awo aamuna adalimbikitsidwa kuti aziphunzira, onse awiri adasankha nyimbo monga ntchito yawo. Ali mwana, B. Tchaikovsky analemba zidutswa za piyano zoyamba. Ena a iwo akadali m’gulu la oimba piyano achichepere. Pasukulu yotchuka ya Gnessins, adaphunzira piyano ndi mmodzi mwa omwe adayambitsa E. Gnesina ndi A. Golovina, ndipo mphunzitsi wake woyamba mu zolemba zake anali E. Messner, mwamuna yemwe analera oimba ambiri otchuka, omwe modabwitsa ankadziwa molondola kutsogolera mwana kuthetsa mavuto ovuta kwambiri. ntchito zopanga, kumuululira tanthauzo lenileni la masinthidwe amitundu yonse ndi kulumikizana.

Kusukulu ndi ku Moscow Conservatory, B. Tchaikovsky anaphunzira m'makalasi a ambuye otchuka a Soviet - V. Shebalin, D. Shostakovich, N. Myaskovsky. Ngakhale pamenepo, mbali zofunika za kulenga umunthu wa woimba wamng'ono zinafotokozedwa momveka bwino, amene Myaskovsky anapanga motere: "Achilendo Russian yosungiramo katundu, mwapadera kwambiri, wabwino kupeka njira ..." Pa nthawi yomweyo, B. Tchaikovsky anaphunzira mu buku la kalasi ya woyimba piyano wa Soviet L. Oborin. Wopeka nyimboyo akugwirabe ntchito monga womasulira nyimbo zake lerolino. M'masewera ake, Piano Concerto, Trio, Violin ndi Cello Sonatas, Piano Quintet amalembedwa pa galamafoni.

Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yake, wolembayo adalenga ntchito zingapo zazikulu: Symphony First (1947), Fantasia pa Russian Folk Themes (1950), Slavic Rhapsody (1951). Sinfonietta kwa string orchestra (1953). Mu iliyonse ya iwo, wolemba amapeza njira yoyambira, yozama ya munthu pamalingaliro omwe amawoneka ngati odziwika bwino a mawu omvera komanso okhutira, amitundu yachikhalidwe, osasokera ku mayankho osasinthika, osasunthika omwe amapezeka mzaka zimenezo. Nzosadabwitsa kuti nyimbo zake zinaphatikizapo okonda kondakitala monga S. Samosud ndi A. Gauk m’mbiri yawo. Muzaka khumi za 1954-64, akudzipatula makamaka ku gawo la zida zamagulu (Piano Trio - 1953; Quartet Yoyamba - 1954; String Trio - 1955; Sonata for Cello and Piano, Concerto for Clarinet and Chamber Orchestra - 1957; Sonata for Violin ndi piyano - 1959; Quartet Yachiwiri - 1961; Piano Quintet - 1962), woimbayo sanangopanga mawu omveka bwino a nyimbo, komanso adazindikira zinthu zofunika kwambiri za dziko lake lophiphiritsira, kumene kukongola, komwe kumakhala mumitu ya nyimbo, mu Chirasha. mfulu, wosafulumira, "laconic", ikuwoneka ngati chizindikiro cha chiyero cha makhalidwe ndi kupirira kwa munthu.

Cello Concerto (1964) imatsegula nthawi yatsopano mu ntchito ya B. Tchaikovsky, yodziwika ndi malingaliro akuluakulu a symphonic omwe amafunsa mafunso ofunika kwambiri kukhala. Malingaliro osakhazikika, amoyo amawombana mwa iwo mwina ndi kuthamanga kosalekeza kwa nthawi, kapena kusakhazikika, chizolowezi chamwambo watsiku ndi tsiku, kapena ndi kung'anima kowopsa kwaukali wosadziletsa, wankhanza. Nthawi zina kugunda kumeneku kumatha momvetsa chisoni, koma ngakhale pamenepo kukumbukira kwa omvera kumasunga mphindi za kuzindikira kwapamwamba, kukwera kwa mzimu wamunthu. Izi ndi Zachiwiri (1967) ndi Chachitatu, "Sevastopol" (1980), ma symphonies; Mutu ndi Zosiyanasiyana Zisanu ndi zitatu (1973, pamwambo wa zaka 200 za Dresden Staatskapelle); ndakatulo za symphonic "Mphepo ya Siberia" ndi "Teenager" (atawerenga buku la F. Dostoevsky - 1984); Nyimbo za Orchestra (1987); Violin (1969) ndi Piano (1971) concertos; Gawo lachinayi (1972), lachisanu (1974) ndi lachisanu ndi chimodzi (1976).

Nthawi zina mawu anyimbo amawoneka ngati obisika kuseri kwa nthabwala, zoseketsa za theka za masitayelo kapena maphunziro owuma. Koma onse mu Partita for cello and chamber ensemble (1966) ndi Chamber Symphony, muzomaliza zachisoni kwambiri, pakati pa zidutswa za ma chorales am'mbuyomu ndi mayendedwe oguba, mgwirizano ndi toccatas, china chake chofooka komanso mwachinsinsi, chokondedwa, chikuwululidwa. . Mu Sonata kwa pianos awiri (1973) ndi Six Etudes kwa zingwe ndi chiwalo (1977), alternation mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kapangidwe amabisanso dongosolo lachiwiri - sketches, "etudes" za maganizo ndi kusinkhasinkha, kusiyana maganizo moyo, pang'onopang'ono. kupanga chithunzi chogwirizana cha tanthauzo, "dziko laumunthu". Wopeka samakonda kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotengedwa ku zida zaluso zina. Ntchito yake yomaliza maphunziro ku Conservatory - opera "Star" pambuyo pa E. Kazakevich (1949) - idakhalabe yosamalizidwa. Koma pang'ono chabe mwa ntchito mawu a B. Tchaikovsky odzipereka ku mavuto ofunika: wojambula ndi tsogolo lake (kuzungulira "Pushkin's Lyrics" - 1972), kulingalira za moyo ndi imfa (cantata for soprano, harpsichord ndi zingwe "Zizindikiro za Zodiac" pa. F. Tyutchev, A. Blok, M. Tsvetaeva ndi N. Zabolotsky), za munthu ndi chilengedwe (kuzungulira "Last Spring" pa siteshoni ya N. Zabolotsky). Mu 1988, pa chikondwerero cha nyimbo za Soviet ku Boston (USA), ndakatulo Zinayi za I. Brodsky, zomwe zinalembedwa kale mu 1965, zinachitidwa kwa nthawi yoyamba. Mpaka posachedwa, nyimbo zawo m'dziko lathu zinkadziwika kokha muzolemba za wolemba za 1984 (zoyambira zinayi za oimba a chipinda). Pokhapokha pa chikondwerero cha Moscow Autumn-88 pomwe kuzungulira kwake kudamveka kwa nthawi yoyamba ku USSR m'mawu ake oyambirira.

B. Tchaikovsky ndiye mlembi wa ndakatulo ndi nyimbo zachisangalalo za nthano za pawailesi za ana zochokera ku GX Andersen ndi D. Samoilov: "The Tin Soldier", "Galoshes of Happiness", "Swineherd", "Puss in Boots", "Tourist Njovu” ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimadziwikanso chifukwa cha nyimbo zamagalamafoni. Kwa kuphweka konse kwakunja ndi kusasamala, pali zambiri zanzeru, zokumbukira zobisika, koma ngakhale zowunikira pang'ono za schlager standardization, stampedness, zomwe nthawi zina zimachimwira, palibe. Monga mwatsopano, zolondola komanso zokhutiritsa ndi mayankho ake anyimbo m'mafilimu monga Seryozha, Ukwati wa Balzaminov, Aibolit-66, Patch ndi Cloud, French Lessons, Teenager.

Mophiphiritsira, mu ntchito za B. Tchaikovsky pali zolemba zochepa, koma nyimbo zambiri, mpweya wambiri, malo. Kulankhula kwake sikuli koletsedwa, koma ukhondo wawo ndi zachilendo zili kutali ndi kuyesa kwa labotale "yoyera" mwadala, kumasulidwa mwadala ngakhale katchulidwe kake ka tsiku ndi tsiku, komanso kuyesa "kukopana" ndi chilengedwe. Mutha kumva ntchito yosatopa yamalingaliro mwa iwo. Nyimboyi imafuna ntchito yofanana ya moyo kuchokera kwa omvera, kumupatsa iye mobwezera chisangalalo chapamwamba kuchokera ku kumvetsetsa mwachilengedwe kwa mgwirizano wa dziko lapansi, zomwe luso loona lokha lingapereke.

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