Nyimbo za ana |

Nyimbo za ana ndi nyimbo zomwe ana amafuna kuti azimva kapena kuchitidwa ndi ana. Zitsanzo zake zabwino kwambiri zimadziwika ndi kukhazikika, ndakatulo zamoyo. zomwe zili, zithunzi, kuphweka ndi kumveka bwino kwa mawonekedwe. Zida zoimbira D.m. zimadziwika ndi mapulogalamu, zinthu zophiphiritsa, onomatopoeia, kuvina, kuguba, ndi kuphweka kwa nyimbo. maonekedwe, kudalira miyambo ya anthu. Pamtima pa prod ya nyimbo. kwa ana pali zambiri nar. nthano, zithunzi za chilengedwe, zithunzi za nyama. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya D. m. - nyimbo, makwaya, instr. masewera, orc. kupanga, nyimbo siteji essays. Zopanga zomwe amapangira kuti azigwira ntchito ndi ana zimagwirizana ndi luso lawo. Wok. prod. mtundu wa mawu, mawonekedwe a mapangidwe a mawu ndi diction, choyimba amaganiziridwa. kukonzekera, instr. masewero - mlingo wa luso. zovuta. Bwalo la nyimbo. zinthu zofikiridwa ndi ana ndizokulirapo kuposa dera la D. m. Pagulu la ana, makamaka achikulire, ambiri ndi otchuka. prod. MI Glinka, PI Tchaikovsky, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven, F. Chopin ndi zina zapamwamba, prod. akadzidzi. olemba.

Nyimbo, nthabwala, kuvina, kupotoza malirime, nkhani, ndi zina zambiri nthawi zambiri zidakhala maziko a prof. D. m. Adakali ku Dr. Greece ankadziwika ndi Nar. nyimbo za ana, makamaka nyimbo zoyimba nyimbo zinali zofala. Mabuku a mbiri yakale amasonyeza kuti nyimbo zingapo za ana zinapezedwa m’Chigiriki. woimba ndi wolemba Pindar (522-442 BC). Ku Dr. Sparta, Thebes, Athens, ana kuyambira ali aang’ono anaphunzitsidwa kuimba nyimbo zoimbidwa m’makwaya.

Lachitatu. ku Europe, D. m. ankagwirizana ndi ntchito ya shpilmans (oyimba oyendayenda). Nyimbo za ana akale a ku Germany "Mbalame zonse zinakhamukira kwa ife", "Inu, nkhandwe, munakoka tsekwe", "Mbalame inawulukira", "Parsley ndi udzu wodabwitsa" zasungidwa. Zovuta zaku Europe. nyimbo za ana - zazikulu ndi zazing'ono, nthawi zina - pentatonic sikelo (nyimbo ya ana aku Germany "Tochi, Tochi"). Ch. mawonekedwe a nyimbo. chinenero: kumvana. chikhalidwe cha nyimbo, quartic overbeats, kufanana kwa mawonekedwe (couplet). Gor. nyimbo za ana a m’misewu ( der Kurrenden ) m’zaka za m’ma Middle Ages. Germany idatchuka ndi nyimbo zoyambira. magulu (die Kurrende) - oyendayenda oimba oimba ophunzira omwe ankaimba mumsewu ndi ndalama zochepa. Rus. nyimbo zakale za ana zomwe zinali zofala pakati pa anthu, zofalitsidwa mu Sat. nar. nyimbo za m'zaka za zana la 18 VF Trutovsky, I. Prach. Zina mwa nyimbozi zakhalapo mpaka nthawi yathu ("Bunny, iwe, bunny", "Jump-jump", "Bunny akuyenda m'munda", etc.). Kulengedwa kwa mabuku ophunzitsa nyimbo za ana kumvetsera kwa olemba nyimbo za 18 - oyambirira. Zaka za m'ma 19: JS Bach, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven. Haydn's "Children's Symphony" (1794) ili ndi malo apadera. Mu 1st floor. M’zaka za m’ma 19, ndi kulimbikitsidwa kwa mfundo yachipembedzo yoletsa kulera ana, D. m. adapeza chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino chachipembedzo.

Mu 2nd floor. Zaka za m'ma 19 ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha Prof. prod. D. m.: Sat. MA Mamontova “Nyimbo za Ana panyimbo za Chirasha ndi Zing’onozing’ono za ku Russia” (makonzedwe a nyimbo za ana opangidwa ndi PI Tchaikovsky, magazini 1, 1872), fp. zidutswa zoyambira oyimba piyano. Zabwino kwambiri mwa zidutswa izi zalowa mwamphamvu mchitidwe wophunzirira kuimba piyano, mwachitsanzo. Tchaikovsky's "Children's Album" (op. 39, 1878) ndi mtundu wa pianoforte. suite, komwe mumitundu yosiyanasiyana yaing'ono-kakulidwe nar. khalidwe, ana nthawi zonse anapatsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana luso ndi kuchita. Kusowa kwa melodic, harmonic, zovuta zolemba kupanga izi. kupezeka kwa osewera achichepere. Zofanana pazantchito ndi njira zothanirana nazo ndizosonkhanitsidwa za fp. amasewera ana ndi AS Arensky, SM Maykapar, VI Rebikov.

Mu con. Zaka za m'ma 19 zoimba zoyamba za ana zinalembedwa: "Mphaka, Mbuzi ndi Nkhosa" ndi "Oimba" ndi Bryansky (1888, kutengera zolemba za nthano za IA Krylov); "Goat Dereza" (1888), "Pan Kotsky" (1891) ndi "Zima ndi Spring, kapena Snow Beauty" (1892) Lysenko. Muse. chinenero cha zisudzo izi n'zosavuta, lodzaza ndi Russian tonations. ndi nyimbo zaku Ukraine. Masewera otchuka a ana olembedwa ndi Ts. A. Cui - The Snow Hero (1906), Little Red Riding Hood (1911), Puss in Boots (1912), Ivan the Fool (1913); AT Grechaninova - "Yolochkin Dream" (1911), "Teremok" (1921), "Cat, Tambala ndi Fox" (1924); BV Asafiev - "Cinderella" (1906), "The Snow Queen" (1907, chida mu 1910); VI Rebikova - "Yolka" (1900), "Nthano ya Mfumukazi ndi Frog King" (1908). Dziko laubwana ndi unyamata likuwonekera mu nyimbo za ana a Tchaikovsky ("16 Songs for Children" ku mavesi a AN Pleshcheev ndi olemba ndakatulo ena, op. 54, 1883), Cui ("Zithunzi khumi ndi zitatu za nyimbo" zoyimba, op. 15 ), Arensky ("Nyimbo za Ana", op. 59), Rebikov ("Dziko la Ana", "Nyimbo za Sukulu"), Grechaninov ("Ai, Doo-Doo", op. 31, 1903; "Rabka Hen", op. 85, 1919), etc.

Pakati pa zopangidwa Western European D. m.: "Children's Scenes" (1838), "Album for Youth" ndi R. Schumann (1848) - kuzungulira kwa op. tizithunzi, malo molingana ndi mfundo kuyambira yosavuta mpaka yovuta; "Children's Folk Songs" lolemba Brahms (1887), gulu la J. Wiese "Games for Children" (1871) - zidutswa 12 za piyano. m'manja 4 (zidutswa zisanu kuchokera kuzungulira uku, zokonzedwa ndi wolemba, zidapanga gulu la oimba a symphony). Zodziwika zopanga zinthu. kwa piyano: “Children’s Corner” lolembedwa ndi Debussy (1906-08), “Mother Goose” lolemba Ravel (1908) (malo opangira piyano m’manja 4; okonzedwa mu 1912). B. Bartok adalembera ana ("To the Little Slovak", 1905, kuzungulira kwa nyimbo 5 za mawu ndi piyano; mu 1908-09, zolemba 4 zophunzitsira nyimbo za piano "Kwa Ana"); m'masewero ake, makamaka anthu. Makhalidwe, nyimbo za nyimbo za Slovak ndi Hungarian zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, malinga ndi zomwe zili mumtundu wa fp. zithunzi zomwe zikupitiriza mwambo wa DM Schumann ndi Tchaikovsky. Mu 1926-37 Bartók analemba mndandanda wa zidutswa 153 (mabuku 6) a piyano. "Microcosm". Zidutswazo, zokonzedwa mwadongosolo pang'onopang'ono, zimabweretsa woyimba piyano pang'ono kudziko lanyimbo zamakono. Nyimbo za ana zinalembedwa ndi: X. Eisler (“Six Songs for Children to the words of B. Brecht”, op. 53; “Nyimbo za Ana” to the words of Brecht, op. 105), Z. Kodaly (nyimbo zambiri ndi makwaya a ana otengera nyimbo zachi Hungary). D. m. amachita zambiri comp. B. Britten. Anapanga gulu la nyimbo zapasukulu "Lachisanu Masana" (op. 7, 1934). Nyimbo zochokera m'gululi ndizodziwika pakati pa Chingerezi. ana asukulu. Za isp. ana, limodzi ndi zeze, analemba mkombero "Ritual Christmas Songs" (p. 28, 1942, zochokera malemba akale English ndakatulo). Nyimbo zabwino kwambiri ndi "Frosty Winter", "O, wokondedwa wanga" (lullaby), canon "This Baby". Britten's Guide to the Orchestra (op. 34, 1946, kwa achinyamata) inakhala yotchuka - mtundu wa ntchito yomwe imadziwitsa omvera ndi zamakono. chizindikiro. okhestra. K. Orff adapanga zinthu zambirimbiri. "Nyimbo za ana"; mu 1950-54 kuzungulira kunamalizidwa ndi mgwirizano. ndi G. Ketman ndipo adalandira dzina. "Schulwerk" ("Schulwerk. Musik für Kinder") - nyimbo, instr. masewera ndi rhythm melodic. masewera a ana ml. zaka. Zowonjezera ku "Schulwerk" - mndandanda wa "Music for Youth" ("Jugendmusik") - zothandiza. maziko a nyimbo zamagulu. kulera (zolemba zotengedwa m'gulu la FM Böhme "Nyimbo ya Ana aku Germany ndi Masewera a Ana" - Fr. M. Böhme, "Deutsches Kinderlied und Kinderspiel").

Nyimbo ya Hindemith Timamanga Mzinda (1930), yomwe imakonda ana, inafala kwambiri. Mu nyimbo za ana Britten sewero la "The Little Chimney Sweep, or Let's put on the Opera" (op. 45, 1949) 12 maudindo: Ana 6 (ana azaka 8 mpaka 14) ndi chiwerengero chomwecho cha akuluakulu. Holo ikuchitapo kanthu: owonerera ang'onoang'ono amayeseza ndikuyimba zapadera. "Nyimbo ya anthu onse". Kapangidwe ka orchestra - zingwe. quartet, percussion ndi piyano. m'manja 4. Chodziwikanso ndi opera ya ana a Britten Noah's Ark (op. 59, 1958), yochokera pa sewero lakale lachinsinsi. M'gulu lalikulu la oimba a ana (osewera 70) a Prof. oimba adalemba maphwando 9 okha. Ena mwa masewerawa anawakonzera ana amene angoyamba kumene kusewera. Mapangidwe a oimba ndi achilendo (m'gulu la oimba - organ, piyano, percussion, zingwe, chitoliro, lipenga ndi mabelu amanja; pa siteji - kwaya yolankhula, oimba payekha ndi mawu 50 a ana akuimba zosiyana).

Sov. wolemba nyimbo adalemeretsedwa ndi D. m., adakulitsa mwayi wake wamtundu ndi njira zofotokozera. Kuwonjezera pa wok. ndi fp. zojambulajambula, ma opera, ballets, cantatas, ma symphonies akuluakulu amapangidwira ana. kupanga, zoimbaimba. Mtundu wa akadzidzi wafala kwambiri. nyimbo ya ana, yomwe imapangidwa ndi olemba nyimbo mogwirizana ndi ndakatulo (S. Ya Marshack, S. AT. Mikhalkov A. L. Barto, O. NDI. Vysotskaya, W. NDI. Lebedev-Kumach ndi ena). Mn. kadzidzi. olemba adapereka ntchito yawo kwa D. m. Chodziwika bwino, mwachitsanzo, fp. amasewera ana M. Maykapara "Spikers" (op. 28, 1926) ndi Sat. "Njira Zoyamba" (op. 29, 1928) pa fp. m'manja 4. Zogulitsa izi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chisomo ndi kuwonekera kwa kapangidwe kake, zachilendo komanso chiyambi cha muses. chinenero, mochenjera kugwiritsa ntchito njira za polyphony. Wotchuka arr. Nar nyimbo G. G. Lobacheva: Sat. Nyimbo Zisanu za Ana asukulu (1928), Nyimbo Zisanu za Ana (1927); Iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi luntha la kutsagana, zinthu za onomatopoeia, intonation. kumveka komanso laconism ya nyimbo. Chamtengo wapatali kwambiri ndi cholowa chopanga cha M. NDI. Zithunzi za Krasev Adalemba bwino. Nyimbo za apainiya 60, tinyimbo zingapo zazing'ono zochokera ku Nar. nthano, nthano K. NDI. Chukovsky ndi S. Ya Marshak. Nyimbo za opera ndizojambula, zokongola, pafupi ndi anthu. splint, kupezeka kwa ntchito ya ana. Creativity M. R. Rauchverger makamaka amapita kwa ana asukulu. Best mankhwala wopeka yodziwika ndi zamakono nyimbo. mawu omveka, mawu omveka. kusintha, kukhwima kwa mgwirizano. Kuzungulira kwa nyimbo "Dzuwa" pamavesi a A. L. Barto (1928), nyimbo "Red Poppies", "Zima Holiday", "Appassionata", "Ndife Merry Guys", nyimbo yozungulira "Maluwa", ndi zina zotero. Chothandizira chachikulu kwa D. m. analowa kompyuta A. N. Aleksandrov, R. G. Boyko, I. O. Dunayevsky A. Ya Lepin, Z. A. Levin, M. A. Mirzoev, S. Rustamov, M. L. Starokadomsky, A. D. Filippenko. Nyimbo zambiri zotchuka za ana zidapangidwa ndi T. A. Popatenko ndi V. AP Gerchik, E. N. Tilicheeva. Imodzi mwa mitundu yomwe amakonda kwambiri omvera ana ndi nyimbo yamasewera ("About Petya" ndi Kabalevsky, "Zosiyana kwambiri" ndi Filippenko, "Mnyamata ndi Ice" ndi Rustamov, "Bear Tooth", "City of Lima" ndi Boyko, "Wojambula ku Zoo" ndi Zharkovsky, etc.) . Mu nyimbo D. B. Kabalevsky, wopita kwa ana, akuwonetsa chidziwitso chakuya cha wolembayo wa dziko la malingaliro, malingaliro, malingaliro amakono. m'badwo wachichepere. Monga wolemba nyimbo wa ana, Kabalevsky amadziwika ndi nyimbo. chuma, zamakono, chinenero, luso. kuphweka, kuyandikana ndi mawu amakono. ice folklore (kukomoka kwa ana ake oyamba. – “Nyimbo zisanu ndi zitatu za kwaya ya ana ndi piyano”, op. 17, 1935). Kabalevsky ndi m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa mtundu wanyimbo za ana. nyimbo ("Nyimbo ya Moto", "Dziko Lathu", "Zaka za Sukulu"). Adalemba zolemba 3 zamaphunziro. fp. zidutswa zokonzedwa motengera zovuta zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira (Masewero a Ana Makumi atatu, op. 27, 1937-38). Kupanga kwake. zodziwika bwino. chuma, kuyandikira kwa mitundu yambiri yopanga nyimbo - nyimbo, magule, maguba. Zaluso zapamwamba. kukhala ndi ubwino. kwa ana S. C. Zithunzi za Prokofiev Njira zachikale zimaphatikizidwa mwa iwo ndi zachilendo komanso kutsitsimuka kwa ma muses. chinenero, kutanthauzira kwatsopano kwa mitundu. Fp. Masewero a Prokofiev "Nyimbo ya Ana" (yokonzedwa pang'ono ndi wolembayo ndikuphatikizidwa mu "Tsiku la Chilimwe") amawoneka momveka bwino, amatanthauzira. kuphweka kwa nyimbo. zakuthupi, mawonekedwe owonekera. Chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zopanga D. m. - symphonic. Prokofiev nthano "Peter ndi Nkhandwe" (1936, pa lemba lake), kuphatikiza nyimbo ndi kuwerenga. Makhalidwe apakati ake amasiyanitsidwa ndi zithunzi. ngwazi (Petya, Bakha, Birdie, Agogo Aamuna, Nkhandwe, Osaka), kuyambitsa omvera achichepere ku orc. matumba. Chojambula cha nyimbo cha "Chatterbox" chotengera mavesi a Barto (1939), gulu la "Winter Bonfire" - kwa owerenga, kwaya ya anyamata ndi ma symphonies ndi otchuka. Orchestra (1949). Kwa osewera achichepere olembedwa 2nd fp. konsati d. D. Shostakovich, Kabalevsky's triad of youth concerts (kwa piyano, violin, cello ndi orchestra), piyano yachitatu. konsati A. M. Balanchivadze, fp. concert ndi Y. A. Levitin. Mawonekedwe azinthu zonsezi. - kudalira nyimbo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa stylistic mu nyimbo. mawonekedwe a nyimbo za ana ndi achinyamata.

Mu 50-60s. mtundu wa ana cantata anapangidwa, kufotokoza laconic muses. kutanthauza zokonda zosiyanasiyana, malingaliro ndi malingaliro amakono. ana ndi achinyamata. Izi ndi: "Song of the Morning, Spring and Peace" (1958), "On Native Land" (1966) Kabalevsky, "Ana pafupi ndi makolo awo" (1965), "Red Square" (1967) Chichkov, "Lenin". m’mitima mwathu” (1957), “Red Pathfinders” (1962) Pakhmutova, “Mpainiya, khalani okonzeka!” Zulfugarov (1961).

Nyimbo zimakhala ndi malo akuluakulu m'mafilimu a ana: Tsar Durandai (1934) ndi Little Red Riding Hood (1937) ndi Alexandrov; Cinderella ndi Spadavecchia (1940); "Ana a Captain Grant" (1936) ndi "Beethoven Concerto" (1937) ndi Dunayevsky; "Red Tie" (1950) ndi "Moni, Moscow!" (1951) Lepin; "Aibolit-66" ndi B. Tchaikovsky (1966). Nyimbo zambiri zimamveka muzojambula za ana. mafilimu: "The Bremen Town Musicians" comp. GI Gladkova (1968), "Crocodile Gena" comp. MP Ziva (1969). Zina mwa zitsanzo zabwino za ana a estr. nyimbo za eccentric. nyimbo zokhala ndi chiwembu chotukuka: "Nyimbo Zisanu ndi ziwiri Zoseketsa" lolemba Kabalevsky, "Njovu Ikuyenda Kupyolera Ku Moscow" lolemba Penkov, "Petya Amaopa Mdima" lolemba Sirotkin, ndi zina zambiri. . Umodzi umathandizira kuti ana aziimba opera ndi ballet. m'dziko la nyimbo za ana. zisudzo, chachikulu ku Moscow mu 1965 ndipo motsogozedwa ndi NI Sats. Ana oimba "The Wolf ndi Ana Asanu ndi awiri" ndi Koval (1939), "Masha ndi Chimbalangondo" (1940), "Teremok" (1941), "Toptygin ndi Fox" (1943), "The Unsmeyana Princess" ( 1947), "Morozko" (1950) Krasev, "Amuna Atatu Onenepa" Rubin (1956), "Tulku ndi Alabash" Mamedov (1959), "Nyimbo ya M'nkhalango" Boyko (1961), "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" (1963) Kolmanovsky, "Mnyamata Wachimphona" Khrennikov (1968); ballets kwa ana The Three Fat Men lolemba Oransky (1935), Klebanov's The Stork (1937), Chulaki's The Tale of the Papa and His Worker Balda (1939), Chemberdzhi's Dream Dremovich (1943), Morozov's Doctor Aibolit (1947), The Little Humpbacked Horse by Shchedrin (1955), Tsintsadze's Treasure of the Blue Mountain (1956), Pinocchio (1955) and Golden Key (1962) by Weinberg, Zeidman's Golden Key (1957); opera-ballet The Snow Queen ndi Rauchverger (1965), etc.

Mu 60s. operettas ana zinalembedwa: "Barankin, kukhala mwamuna" Tulikov (1965), "Zavalyayka Station" ndi Boyko (1968).

Kukula kwa nyimbo. zilandiridwenso ana chikugwirizana kwambiri ndi kukula kwa ana kuchita chikhalidwe, dongosolo la muses. maphunziro ndi kulera ana (onani Maphunziro a Nyimbo, Maphunziro a Nyimbo). Maukonde ambiri a muses ana adapangidwa ku USSR. sukulu, kuphatikizapo sukulu zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi sukulu zaka khumi (pa 2000 ana sukulu nyimbo). Mitundu yatsopano ya chikhalidwe cha ana idawuka (zosewerera za ana osachita masewera ku Nyumba za Apainiya, situdiyo zakwaya, ndi zina zotero). Prod. kwa ana amachitidwa pa wailesi ndi wailesi yakanema, pa conc. siteji, m'malo owonetsera ana, mu prof. kwaya. uwu. mabungwe (State Kwaya School mu Moscow, Ana kwaya sukulu pa Leningrad academic chorus chapel). Pansi pa Komiti ya USSR ya USSR pali gawo la D. M., lomwe limathandizira kufalitsa ndi chitukuko.

Nkhani zokhudzana ndi D.m. zikuwonetsedwa pamisonkhano ya International Society for Musical Education (ISME) ku UNESCO. Msonkhano wa ISME (Moscow, 1970) unawonetsa chidwi chachikulu cha gulu lanyimbo zapadziko lonse pazochita za Soviet. D. m.

Zothandizira: Asafiev B., Russian nyimbo za ana ndi ana, "SM", 1948, No 6; Shatskaya V., Nyimbo kusukulu, M., 1950; Ratskaya T. S., Mikhail Krasev, M., 1962; Andrievska NK, Ana a opera MV Lisenka, Kiev, 1962; Rzyankina TA, Olemba ana, L., 1962; Goldenstein ML, Essays pa mbiri ya nyimbo yaupainiya, L., 1963; Tompakova OM, Buku lonena za nyimbo za ku Russia za ana, M., 1966; Ochakovskaya O., Zolemba za nyimbo zamasukulu a sekondale, L., 1967 (bibl.); Blok V., Nyimbo za Prokofiev za Ana, M., 1969; Sosnovskaya OI, Soviet oimba ana, M., 1970.

Yu. B. Aliev