Magawo osiyanasiyana

Lingaliro la "nthawi yanyimbo" mu nyimbo limatanthawuza kutenga mawu awiri panthawi imodzi kapena motsatizana. Gulu ili la sayansi ya nyimbo lili ndi gulu lake. Kutengera ngati zolemba ziwiri zikuseweredwa kapena kuyimba limodzi kapena padera, magawo a diatonic (melodic) kapena ma harmonic amasiyanitsidwa. Diatonic amatanthauza kutenga mawu padera, ndipo mgwirizano umatanthauza mgwirizano. Malingana ndi malo awo pokhudzana ndi octave (mtunda wa zolemba zisanu ndi ziwiri), maulendowa amagawidwa kukhala osavuta (mkati mwake) ndi pawiri (kunja kwawo).

Pali mipata khumi ndi isanu yonse: eyiti mkati mwa octave, zisanu ndi ziwiri kunja kwake.

Mayina apakati pakanthawi

Mayina a kuphatikiza kwa mawu mu nyimbo ndi ochokera ku Latin. Izi ndichifukwa cha mbiri ya chiyambi cha sayansi yanyimbo, yochokera mu nthawi ya zitukuko zakale. Pythagoras adagwiranso ntchito mgwirizano ndi nkhani za tonal ndi kapangidwe ka nyimbo. Mayina amitundu yosiyanasiyana yanyimbo ndi matanthauzo a mayina awo achilatini ndi awa:

• Nona (“wachisanu ndi chinayi”);
• Decima (“chakhumi”);
• Undecima (“khumi ndi chimodzi”);
• Duodecima ("khumi ndi ziwiri");
• Terzdecima (“khumi ndi zitatu”);
• Quartdecima (“khumi ndi chinayi”);
• Quintdecima ("khumi ndichisanu").

Kodi ma intervals ndi chiyani?

Nthawi zophatikizika zimakhala zofanana, koma ndi octave yowonjezedwa kwa iwo (nthawi ya manotsi 8, mwachitsanzo, kuyambira "mpaka" octave yoyamba "kuchita" lachiwiri ), zomwe zimabweretsa kusiyana kowoneka bwino kwa mawu pakati pawo.

• Nona (nthawi yachiwiri, yotengedwa kudzera mu octave, ndi masitepe 9);
• Decima (chachitatu kupyolera mu octave, ndi masitepe 10);
• Undecima (quart kupyolera mu octave, masitepe 11);
• Duodecima (chachisanu kupyolera mu octave, masitepe 12);
• Tertsdecima (wachisanu ndi chimodzi kupyolera mu octave, masitepe 13);
• Quartdecima (septim + octave , masitepe 14);
• Quintdecima ( octave + octave 15 mapazi).

Compound interval table

Matchulidwe oti "uv" ndi "malingaliro" patebulo ndi mawonekedwe amigawo, yofupikitsidwa kuchokera ku "kuchepetsedwa" ndi "kuwonjezeka".

Maguluwa amafotokozera kuchuluka kwa consonance ndipo amatanthauza kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa nthawi ndi semitone. Gulu loterolo ndilofunika kwa modal kugawanitsa dongosolo kukhala lalikulu ndi ochepa .

Nthawi kunja chisoni a ndi ang'onoang'ono, aakulu (masekondi, atatu, asanu ndi limodzi ndi asanu ndi awiri) ndi oyera (prims, octaves, chisanu ndi quarts). Chilembo "h" patebulo chimatanthawuza "kuyera", "m" ndi "b" - zazikulu ndi zazing'ono. Palinso lingaliro la kukulitsa kawiri ndi kagawo kakang'ono kawiri, pamene m'lifupi mwake amayenera kusintha ndi liwu lonse.

Nthawi za Piano

Ngati tilankhula za mawonekedwe a nthawi ya nyimbo, ndiye kuti phokoso lake loyamba limatchedwa maziko, ndi lachiwiri – pamwamba. Pa piyano, mutha kupanga ma inversion of intervals - kusinthana ndi mawu ake apansi ndi apamwamba powasuntha octave pamwamba / kutsika pa kiyibodi. Chida ngati piyano ndichomveka kwambiri powonetsa ndi kuphunzira kusasinthika kwamalingaliro anyimbo, chifukwa cha kusavuta komanso kuwonekera kwa makiyi akuda ndi oyera. Ndicho chifukwa chake oimba aliwonse - oimba, kuwonjezera pa luso lawo lalikulu, amaphunzitsidwa solfeggio pa piyano yachikale.

Tiyeni tione zitsanzo

Ndikosavuta kupanga magawo apawiri ndikuwunika mitundu yawo kuyambira pamawu "mpaka" octave yoyamba. Octave yoyera yomwe iyenera kupyoledwa ndi C note yachiwiri octave . Makiyi onse awiri ndi oyera. Cholemba chakuda chotsatira (kuthwa) chidzakhala pamwamba pa nona yaying'ono, yomangidwa kuchokera ku "mpaka" octave yoyamba (kapena sekondi yaying'ono kudzera mu octave). "Re" wachiwiri octave (chotsatira chotsatira cha semitone kumtunda) chidzakhala pamwamba pa chachikulu palibe zonse kuchokera ku "kuchita" kofanana ndi octave yoyamba. Umu ndi momwe m. 9 ndi b amamangidwa. 9 kuchokera palemba "mpaka".

Chitsanzo cha nthawi yowonjezereka kuchokera pa cholemba "kupita" chingakhale, mwachitsanzo, f-kuthwa kwachiwiri. octave . Nthawi yotereyi ndi undecima wokulirapo ndipo imasankhidwa kukhala uv.11.

Mayankho pa mafunso

Kodi pali ma intervals angati mu nyimbo? 

Pazonse, chiphunzitso cha nyimbo chili ndi magawo asanu ndi awiri.

Njira yosavuta yokumbukira mayina anthawi yayitali ndi iti? 

"Decima" amatanthauza khumi, choncho, poloweza mawu, ndi bwino kuyambira pa lingaliro ili.

M'malo motulutsa

Pali magawo asanu ndi awiri mu nyimbo. Matchulidwe awo ndi ochokera ku Chilatini, ndipo amamangidwa powonjezera octave pamipata yosavuta. Kwa magawo apawiri, malamulo omwewo amagwiranso ntchito ngati magawo osavuta. Amagawidwanso mu subspecies ndipo akhoza kutembenuzidwa.