echo |
Greek nxo - mawu, mawu, mphekesera, echo, echo; Hxo - Ehu (dzina la nymph)
Malinga ndi nthano zakale za nthano zolembedwa ndi Ovid, Apuleius, Ausonius ndi olemba ena akale, Echo ndi nymph, mwana wamkazi wa mulungu wamtsinje Kephis ndi nymph Lavrion; Hero wotembereredwa (malinga ndi nthano zachiroma - Juno), E. sakanatha kulankhula choyamba, ndipo anayankha mafunso mwa kubwereza mawu otsiriza; atakanidwa ndi Narcissus, adasanduka mwala. Mawu akuti "E". kuyambira nthawi zakale zimasonyeza zotsatira za kunyezimira kwa mafunde a phokoso. Ngati kusinkhasinkha kwafika kwa omvera pasanathe 1/20 sec. pambuyo pa phokoso lalikulu, limalumikizana nalo ndikulikulitsa, ngati pambuyo pa 1/20 sec. ndi zina zambiri - zimawonedwa ngati dep. echo ndipo imatha kusokoneza kumvetsetsa kwa mawu, malingaliro a nyimbo. Muzopanga zanyimbo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito njira ya E., monga mwachilengedwe E., kubwereza mawu ndi ma muses ena. mawu amaperekedwa m'mawu achete, omwe nthawi zambiri amalekanitsidwa ndi njira zolembera timbre. Zotsatira za E. ndizolimba kwambiri pazochitika zomwe wok. nyimboyo imabwereza mathero a zomanga ndi ma syllables omaliza a malembawo. Chotero E. kuchokera m'zaka za zana la 16. nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Italy. madrigals, motets, cantatas, opera. Nthaŵi zina, zochitika zonse zinkaphatikizidwa m'masewero opangidwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kwa E. effect (Furcell's The Fairy Queen, Gluck's Orpheus ndi Eurydice, Ariadne auf Naxos wa R. Strauss, ndi ena). Zotsatira za E. zinagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu instr. nyimbo - mu kupanga. kwa zida za kiyibodi monga zongopeka ndi zosiyana, komanso muchipinda ndi zida za symphonic. op. (A. Banchieri, "Fantasia mu eco", 1603; B. Marini, "Sonata mu eco", 1629; K. Stamitz, "Symphonie en echo", 1721). Nthawi zina, JS Bach adatembenukira ku zotsatira za E. (adatcha gawo lomaliza la h-moll overture mu buku lachiwiri la Clavier Exercises, BWV 2, "E."). Zotsatira za E. zinagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi oimba a Viennese (J. Haydn, "Echo" kwa zingwe za 831. trio, Hob. II, 2; WA Mozart, Nocturne for 39 orchestras, K.-V. 4). Dzinalo "E." pamene kutchula ziwalo kaundula kumasonyeza kukoma kwa mawu awo (m'menemo. Zartflute ziwalo, lit. - chitoliro chofatsa, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "E."; mu French - Cornet d'echo).
EV Gertzman
