Chiyambi |

italo. anticipazione, French. ndi English. chiyembekezo, kachilombo. Antizipation, Vorausnahme

Phokoso lopanda phokoso (kawirikawiri lalifupi, pa kugunda kosavuta komaliza), lobwereka kuchokera ku chord chotsatira (pambali iyi, P. ali, titero, galasi lotsutsana ndi kusungidwa kokonzekera, kubwerekedwa kuchokera ku chord yapitayi). Abbr. dzina mu chitsanzo cha nyimbo ndi im. P. akhoza kumveka ngati kusamvana kwapamwamba (kusintha) kwa chimodzi mwazomveka kukhala phokoso logwirizana la chord yamtsogolo (chifukwa chake, samalankhula za "kusamvana" kwa P.). P. nthawi zambiri imakhala ya monophonic, koma imathanso kukhala ya polyphonic (yowiri, katatu P.), ngakhale m'mawu onse nthawi imodzi (chord P.; nayo palibe kumveka kwapanthawi imodzi kwaphokoso ndi mawu opanda chord).

Mitundu yapadera ndi kulumpha P.; ambiri cambiata (omwe amatchedwa "fuchsian cambiata") ali m'malo mwake kulumpha P.

Preforms amapezeka mu Middle Ages. monody (onani koyambirira kwa mndandanda wa "Sanctus Spiritus" m'nkhani ya Notker), komanso mu polyphony yakale, koma kusakhwima kwa chord-harmonic. zilembo ndi zovuta zolemba sizitilola ife kulankhula za P. monga chodabwitsa chopangidwa kwathunthu pamaso pa Renaissance (onani G. de Machaux, 14th ballad "Je ne cuit pas" - "Palibe amene Cupid angapereke kotero madalitso ambiri", mipiringidzo 1-2; imamalizanso cadence mu balla 8 "De desconfort"). Mu nthawi ya Josquin Despres, P. kwenikweni adapanga mawonekedwe. Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 16 P. imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yosawerengeka, koma yopangidwa kale kwambiri ya polyphonic. nyimbo (pafupi ndi Palestrina). Kuchokera m'zaka za zana la 17 (makamaka kuchokera ku theka la 2.) P. amapeza khalidwe latsopano losiyana osati ndi liwu lotsutsana, komanso lonse (lingaliro lamakono la P.). M'zaka za m'ma 20 P. amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kamvekedwe ka mbali kuti asokoneze mgwirizano, ofukula (SS Prokofiev, "Romeo ndi Juliet", "Montagues ndi Capulets", akumaliza cadence).

Mwachidziwitso, zochitika za P. zimaphimbidwa mwapadera ndi Kr. Bernhard (wophunzira wa G. Schutz; pakati pa zaka za zana la 17). Mu chaputala 23 ("Von der Anticipatione Notae"), Op. "Tractatus compositionis augmentus" P. (pansi pa dzina lakuti "kuyembekezera") amatengedwa ngati "chiwerengero" chomwe chimakongoletsa nyimbo:

M’nkhani yakuti “Von der Singe-Kunst oder Manier”, Bernhard akusiyanitsa “chiyambi cha noti” ( Anticipatione della nota; onani chitsanzo pamwambapa) ndi “mawu oyamba a sillable” ( Anticipatione della sillaba; onani chitsanzo chili m’munsichi. ).

JG Walter (chiyambi cha zaka za zana la 18) amaganiziranso P. pakati pa "ziwerengero". Nachi chitsanzo cha "sillable rise" kuchokera m'buku lake "Praecepta ..." (mawu oti "Psallam" abwerezedwa mu theka lachiwiri la bar yoyamba):

Ndi chitukuko cha chiphunzitso chatsopano cha mgwirizano (kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 18), piyano inalowa m'gulu la phokoso lopanda phokoso.

Zothandizira: onani pa Art. mawu opanda chord.

Yu. N. Kholopov