Momwe mungasankhire chikwama

Chikwama ndi chida choimbira choimba chachikhalidwe cha anthu ambiri a ku Ulaya. Ku Scotland ndi chida chachikulu cha dziko. Ndi thumba, lomwe nthawi zambiri limapangidwa kuchokera ku chikopa cha ng'ombe (motero dzina), chikopa cha ng'ombe kapena mbuzi, chochotsedwa kwathunthu, ngati thumba la mphesa, chosokedwa mwamphamvu komanso chokhala ndi chubu pamwamba kuti mudzaze ubweya ndi mpweya, ndi imodzi, awiri kapena atatu akusewera bango machubu Ufumuyo pansi, kutumikira kulenga polyphony.

M'nkhaniyi, akatswiri a sitolo "Wophunzira" adzakuuzani mmene kusankha bagpipes kuti muyenera, osati overpay pa nthawi yomweyo.

Chipangizo cha bagpipe

1. Bango la Bagpipe
2. Thumba
3. Malo ogulitsira mpweya
4. Bass chubu
5, 6. Bango la tenor

galu

Kaya chikwamacho chikuwoneka chotani, chimangogwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiri ya mabango . Tiyeni tiwone bwinobwino mitundu iwiriyi:

1. Kuwona koyamba- ndodo imodzi, yomwe imatha kutchedwanso nzimbe yamphepete imodzi kapena ya chinenero chimodzi. Zitsanzo za bagpipes ndi bango limodzi: Swedish sakpipa, Belarusian duda, Bulgarian guide. Nzimbe imeneyi imapangidwa ngati silinda yomwe imatsekedwa mbali ina. Pamphepete mwa bango pali lilime kapena, monga momwe amatchulidwira ndi akatswiri, chinthu chomveka. Lilime likhoza kupangidwa mosiyana ndi bango ndiyeno kumangiriridwa nalo. Nthaŵi zina lilime limakhala mbali ya chida chonsecho ndipo ndi kachidutswa kakang’ono kolekanitsidwa ndi bango lenilenilo. Pamene mukusewera bagpipe, bango limanjenjemera, motero limapanga kugwedezeka kwa mawu. Umu ndi momwe phokoso limapangidwira. Palibe chinthu chimodzi chomwe chimapangidwa ndi ndodo imodzi. Zitha kukhala - bango, bango, pulasitiki, mkuwa, mkuwa komanso ngakhale wamkulu ndi nsungwi. Zosiyanasiyana zoterezi zinapangitsa kuti pakhale ndodo zophatikizana. Mwachitsanzo, thupi la ndodo likhoza kupangidwa ndi nsungwi, pamene lilime lingakhale la pulasitiki. Ndodo imodzi ndi yosavuta kupanga. Ngati angafune, akhoza kupangidwa kunyumba. Mabagpipe okhala ndi chubu chotere amasiyanitsidwa ndi phokoso labata komanso lofewa. Zolemba zapamwamba zimakhala zomveka kuposa zapansi.
   

   Chinsinsi cha Swedish

2. lachiwiri view- ndodo yophatikizika, yomwe imathanso kukhala iwiri kapena iwiri. Zitsanzo za mipope yokhala ndi bango iwiri: gaita gallega, GHB, chitoliro chaching'ono, chitoliro cha uillean. Kuchokera pa dzina lokha zikuwonekeratu kuti ndodo yotereyi iyenera kukhala ndi zigawo ziwiri. Zoonadi, ndi mbale ziwiri za bango zomangidwa pamodzi. Mambale amenewa amaikidwa pa phini ndipo amanoledwa mwanjira inayake. Palibe magawo omveka bwino a mawonekedwe a ndodo kapena momwe amakulitsira. Miyezo iyi imasiyana malinga ndi mbuye ndi mtundu wa bagpipe. Ngati ndodo imodzi imatha kupangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zambiri, ndiye kuti ndodo zophatikizika zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri pankhaniyi. Zida zochepa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa iwo: Arundo Donax reed ndi mitundu ina ya mapulasitiki. Nthawi zina manyuchi atsache amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Mu ndodo yophatikizika, kusuntha kwa oscillatory kumapangidwa ndi "masiponji" a ndodo yokha, amasuntha chifukwa cha mpweya ukudutsa pakati pawo. Zipaipi za bango ziwiri zimamveka mokweza kuposa zitoliro za bango limodzi.

Zolemba za Galician

Wood ndi chinthu chofewa kwambiri. Ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti mtengo uliwonse umapereka mithunzi ina kumveka. Izi, ndithudi, ndi zabwino, koma pali mbuna zina. The Ndipotu ndikuti mtengowo umafunikira kusamaliridwa mosamala komanso kusamalidwa kosalekeza kuchokera kwa woimbayo. Kumbukirani kuti popeza palibe anthu awiri ofanana, palibe zida ziwiri zofanana ndendende. Ngakhale zida ziwiri zofanana zopangidwa kuchokera kumtengo umodzi zimamveka mosiyana pang'ono. Mitengo, monga zakuthupi zilizonse, ndi zosalimba kwambiri. Ikhoza kusweka, kuphulika, kapena kupindika.

Zolemba za pulasitiki  safuna chisamaliro choterechi. Zida zapulasitiki zimatha kukhala zofanana, chifukwa chake pulasitiki imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi oimba a bagpipe kuti zidazo zizimveka chimodzimodzi ndipo zisadziwike pagulu lanyimbo. Komabe, palibe thumba limodzi lapulasitiki lomwe lingafanane ndi mithunzi yomveka bwino yokhala ndi chida chopangidwa ndi matabwa abwino.

thumba

Pakalipano, zipangizo zonse zomwe matumba amapangidwa akhoza kugawidwa achilengedwe ndi kupanga . Zopanga: leatherette, rabara, nsalu ya mbendera, gore-tex. Ubwino wa matumba opangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndizomwe zimakhala ndi mpweya ndipo safuna chisamaliro chowonjezera. A chachikulu kuipa kwa synthetics (kupatulapo nsalu ya Gortex membrane) ndikuti matumba oterowo samalola chinyezi. Izi zimakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa mabango ndi matabwa a chida. Matumba oterowo ayenera kuuma pambuyo pa masewerawo. Matumba a Gortex amalandidwa choyipa ichi. Nsalu ya thumba imasungabe kupanikizika, koma imalola kuti madzi atuluke.

Zinthu zachilengedwe matumba amapangidwa kuchokera ku chikopa cha nyama kapena chikhodzodzo. Matumba oterowo, m'malingaliro a mapaipi ambiri, amakulolani kuti mumve bwino chidacho, koma nthawi yomweyo, matumbawa amafuna chisamaliro chowonjezera. Mwachitsanzo, impregnation ndi mankhwala apadera kuti akhalebe olimba komanso kupewa kuyanika kwa khungu. Komanso, matumbawa amafunika kuumitsa masewerawo akatha.

Panopa, pamodzi matumba awiri osanjikiza (Gortex mkati, zikopa kunja) zawonekera pamsika. Matumbawa amaphatikiza ubwino wa matumba opangidwa ndi zachilengedwe, alibe zovuta zina, ndipo safuna chisamaliro chapadera. Tsoka ilo, zikwama zotere ndizofala mpaka pano kokha kwa Great Scottish bagpipe.

Kukula kwa chikwama cha bagpipe zikhoza kukhala ziwiri - zazikulu kapena zazing'ono. Choncho, zampogna ya ku Italy ya bagpipe ili ndi thumba lalikulu, ndipo chitoliro cha chikhodzodzo chimakhala ndi kakang'ono. Miyeso ya thumba imadalira kwambiri mbuye. Aliyense amachita mwanzeru zake. Ngakhale pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bagpipe, chikwamacho chikhoza kukhala chosiyana. Kupatulapo ndi thumba lachikwama la Scottish, lomwe kukula kwake kwa thumba kumakhala kofanana. Mukhoza kusankha thumba laling'ono, lapakati kapena lalikulu malinga ndi msinkhu wanu ndi kumanga. Komabe, sikuti nthawi zonse deta yakuthupi imatha kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakusankha kukula kwa thumba. Kuti musankhe thumba "lanu", muyenera kuyimba chida, "yesani" icho. Ngati chidacho sichimakupangitsani kukhala omasuka, ndiye kuti, simumatsamira kumbali, manja anu amakhala omasuka, ndiye kuti mwapeza chikwama chanu .

Mitundu ya bagpipes

Great Scottish bagpipe (Great Highland Bagpipes, Piob-mhor)

The Scottish bagpipe ndi wotchuka kwambiri komanso wotchuka kwambiri lero. Ili ndi ma bourdon atatu (mabass ndi ma tenor awiri), choyimbira chokhala ndi mabowo 8 (zolemba 9) ndi chubu chowuzira mpweya. Dongosololi likuchokera ku SI bimol, koma ndi nyimbo zoyimba, Highland system imasankhidwa kukhala A yayikulu (kuti azitha kusewera ndi zida zina ku America, adayambanso kupanga mitundu yazikwama za A). Phokoso la chidacho ndi lokwera kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu ankhondo aku Scottish "Pipe Bands"

Chikwama chachikulu cha Scottish

Irish bagpipe (Uillean Pipes)

Mawonekedwe amakono a bagpipe aku Ireland adapangidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zikwama zovuta kwambiri m'mbali zonse. Ili ndi choyimba cha bango iwiri yokhala ndi a zosiyanasiyana awiri octaves. Ngati pali ma valve pa chanter (zidutswa 5) - chromaticity yonse. Mpweya umakakamizika kulowa m'thumba ndi chule (zimakhala Zoyeserera: thumba, choyimbira ndi chule).
Ma drone atatu a Uilleann Pipes amalowetsedwa mu chotengera chimodzi ndikuwongolera mu octave wachibale wina ndi mnzake. Akayatsidwa ndi valavu yapadera (kiyi yoyimitsa), amamveketsa bwino kwambiri. Kuyimitsa kiyi (kusintha) ndikosavuta kuzimitsa kapena kuyatsa ma drones panthawi yoyenera pamasewera. Seti yotereyi imatchedwa Halfset.
Palinso mabowo ena awiri otolera pamwamba pa ma drones, omwe mu Half set nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa ndi mapulagi. Zowongolera za tenor ndi baritone zimayikidwamo. Chiwongolero cha bass chimayikidwa pambali pazigawo zambiri ndipo chimakhala ndi kukhetsa kwake.
Owongolera ali ndi ma valve 13 - 14, omwe nthawi zambiri amatsekedwa. Amamveka kokha pamene wosewera mpira akuwakakamiza pamene akusewera ndi m'mphepete mwa oni chisoni kapena zala mu Slow air. Owongolera amawoneka ngati ma drones, koma kwenikweni ndi oyimba atatu osinthidwa okhala ndi kubowola kowoneka bwino komanso bango loyimba kawiri. Gulu lonse la zida limatchedwa Fullset.
Uilleannpipes ndi wapadera chifukwa woimba amatha kutulutsa mpaka 7 phokoso nthawi imodzi. Chifukwa chazovuta zake, magawo ambiri komanso olemekezeka, ali ndi ufulu wonse kutchedwa kukwaniritsidwa kopambana kwa lingaliro la bagpipe.

Irish bagpipe

Galicia Gaita (Galicia Gaita)

Ku Galicia, pali mitundu pafupifupi inayi ya zikwama. Koma Gaita wa Gaita (Gaita Gallega) walandira kutchuka kwakukulu, makamaka chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake oimba. Octave imodzi ndi theka zosiyanasiyana (kusinthira kwachiwiri octave zimachitika ndikuwonjezera kupanikizika pa thumba) ndi pafupifupi chromaticity yathunthu ya chanter, kuphatikiza ndi nyimbo zomveka komanso zoyimba. sitampu cha chidacho, chinachipanga kukhala chimodzi mwa zikwama zotchuka kwambiri za oimba padziko lonse lapansi.
Chidacho chinali chofala m’zaka za m’ma 15 ndi 16, kenako chidwi chake chinazimiririka, ndipo m’zaka za m’ma 19 chinatsitsimutsidwanso. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20 kunalinso kuchepa kwina mpaka 1970.
Kuwombera kwa chidacho kumakumbukira kwambiri chojambulira, komanso zala za Renaissance ndi zida zakale (shawl, krumhorn). Palinso chala chachikale (chotsekedwa) chotchedwa "pechado", mtanda pakati pa zala zamakono za Gaita Gallega ndi Gaita Asturiana. Tsopano sagwiritsidwa ntchito nkomwe.

Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya Gaita bagpipes ku Galicia:

1. Tumbal gaita (Roucadora)
   Gaita wamkulu kwambiri komanso wotsika kwambiri sitampu , kusintha kwa B lathyathyathyathya, kuyimba kwachanter kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kutseka mabowo onse a zala kupatula kumunsi kwa chala chaching'ono.
   Pali ma drones awiri - octave ndi wachisanu.
2. Gaita Normal (Redonda)
   Ichi ndi chitoliro chapakati komanso chofala kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi bass octave drone, nthawi zambiri ma drones awiri ( ndi Tenor yachiwiri imakhala pafupifupi nthawi zonse mu octave kapena dominant).
   Pali zochitika ndi ma drones bass anayi, baritone, tenor, sopranino.
   Unjika.
3. Gaita Grileira (Grillera)
   Chaching'ono kwambiri, chabwino kwambiri komanso chapamwamba kwambiri sitampu (kale anali ndi bass drone pa octave). Pangani Re.

Gaita wa ku Galileya

Chibelarusi Duda

Duda ndi chida choimbira cha bango lamphepo. Ndichikwama chachikopa chokhala ndi chubu chaching'ono cha "nipple" chodzaza ndi mpweya ndi machubu angapo akusewera omwe ali ndi beep ndi lilime limodzi lopangidwa ndi nthenga ya bango kapena tsekwe (turkey). Posewera, dudar imatulutsa thumba, ikanikiza ndi chigongono cha dzanja lamanzere, mpweya umalowa m'machubu ndikupanga malilime kugwedezeka. Phokosoli ndi lamphamvu komanso lakuthwa. Duda amadziwika ku Belarus kuyambira zaka za zana la 16.

Chibelarusi Duda

Momwe mungasankhire chikwama