Mikhail Ivanovich Chulaki |

Mikhail Chulaki

MI Chulaki anabadwira ku Simferopol, m'banja la wantchito. Nyimbo zake zoyamba zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mzinda wake. Nyimbo zachikale za symphonic nthawi zambiri zinkamveka pano pansi pa ndodo ya otsogolera otchuka - L. Steinberg, N. Malko. Oimba akuluakulu oimba anabwera kuno - E. Petri, N. Milshtein, S. Kozolupov ndi ena.

Chulaki adalandira maphunziro ake apamwamba ku Simferopol Musical College. Mlangizi woyamba wa Chulaki anali II Chernov, wophunzira wa NA Rimsky-Korsakov. Kugwirizana kwachindunji ndi miyambo ya New Russian Musical School kunawonetsedwa mu nyimbo zoyambirira za orchestra, zomwe zidalembedwa makamaka motengera nyimbo za Rimsky-Korsakov. Pa Leningrad Conservatory, kumene Chulaki analowa mu 1926, mphunzitsi nyimbo anali woyamba komanso wophunzira wa Rimsky-Korsakov, MM Chernov, ndipo kenako wotchuka Soviet wolemba VV Shcherbachev. Ma dipuloma a wolemba nyimbo wachinyamatayo anali Symphony Yoyamba (yoyamba ku Kislovodsk), yomwe nyimbo yake, malinga ndi wolembayo, idakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zithunzi za nyimbo za symphonic za AP Borodin, ndi gulu la piano ziwiri " May Pictures", kenako mobwerezabwereza woimba piyano wotchuka Soviet ndi kufotokoza m'njira zambiri payekha wolemba.

Atamaliza maphunziro a Conservatory, chidwi cha woimbayo chinali makamaka cholunjika ku mtundu wanyimbo, momwe iye ankayembekezera kupambana. Kale ballet yoyamba ya Chulaki, The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda (pambuyo pa A. Pushkin, 1939), idawonedwa ndi anthu, inali ndi atolankhani ambiri, ndipo idawonetsedwa ndi Leningrad Maly Opera Theatre (MALEGOT) idawonetsedwa ku Moscow pa zaka khumi za Leningrad Art. Ma ballet awiri otsatira a Chulaki - "The Imaginary Groom" (pambuyo pa C. Goldoni, 1946) ndi "Youth" (pambuyo pa N. Ostrovsky, 1949), adapangidwanso kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi MALEGOT, adapatsidwa Mphotho za State USSR (mu 1949 ndi 1950).

Dziko la zisudzo lasiyanso chizindikiro chake pa ntchito ya symphonic ya Chulaki. Izi zikuwonekera makamaka mu Symphony yake Yachiwiri, yoperekedwa ku chigonjetso cha anthu a Soviet mu Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lapansi (1946, State Prize ya USSR - 1947), komanso mu symphonic cycle "Nyimbo ndi Zovina za Old France". kumene wolembayo amaganiza m'njira zambiri m'masewero, kupanga zithunzi zokongola, zooneka bwino. The Third Symphony (symphony-konsati, 1959) linalembedwa chimodzimodzi mtsempha, komanso konsati chidutswa kwa gulu la violinists wa Bolshoi Theatre - "Russian Tchuthi", ntchito yowala ya khalidwe virtuoso, amene nthawi yomweyo anapindula kwambiri. kutchuka, kunkachitika mobwerezabwereza pazigawo zamakonsati ndi pawailesi, zojambulidwa pa galamafoni.

Zina mwa ntchito za woyimba mu Mitundu ina, choyamba tiyenera kutchula cantata "M'mphepete mwa Volkhov", yomwe inalengedwa mu 1944, pa nthawi ya Chulaka kutsogolo kwa Volkhov. Ntchitoyi idathandizira kwambiri nyimbo za Soviet, zomwe zikuwonetsa zaka zankhondo zankhondo.

Pankhani ya nyimbo zoyimba ndi zoimbaimba, ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya Chulaka ndi kuzungulira kwa makwaya a cappella "Lenin nafe" ku mavesi a M. Lisyansky, olembedwa mu 1960. Pambuyo pake, mu 60-70s, wolemba nyimboyo nyimbo zingapo za mawu, zomwe zimazungulira mawu ndi piyano "Kuchuluka" ku mavesi a W. Whitman ndi "The Years Fly" ku mavesi a Vs. Grekov.

Chidwi chokhazikika cha wopeka nyimbo ndi zisudzo chinayambitsa kuwonekera kwa ballet "Ivan the Terrible" potengera nyimbo za SS Prokofiev pafilimu ya dzina lomwelo. The zikuchokera ndi nyimbo buku la ballet anapangidwa ndi Chulaki ndi dongosolo la Bolshoi Theatre wa USSR, kumene mu 1975 izo zinachitikira, amene kwambiri analemeretsa repertoire zisudzo ndi kupambana bwino ndi omvera Soviet ndi akunja.

Pamodzi ndi zilandiridwenso, Chulaki chidwi kwambiri ntchito pedagogical. Kwa zaka makumi asanu iye anapereka chidziwitso ndi zinachitikira wolemera kwa oimba achinyamata: mu 1933 anayamba kuphunzitsa pa Leningrad Conservatory (makalasi zikuchokera ndi zida), kuyambira 1948 dzina lake wakhala pakati pa aphunzitsi Moscow Conservatory. Kuyambira 1962 wakhala pulofesa ku Conservatory. Ophunzira ake m’zaka zosiyanasiyana anali A. Abbasov, V. Akhmedov, N. Shakhmatov, K. Katsman, E. Krylatov, A. Nemtin, M. Reuterstein, T. Vasilyeva, A. Samonov, M. Bobylev, T. Kazhgaliev, S. Zhukov, V. Belyaev ndi ena ambiri.

M’kalasi mwa Chulaka nthawi zonse munkakhala anthu okoma mtima komanso moona mtima. Mphunzitsiyo anasamalira mosamala anthu omwe amalenga ophunzira ake, kuyesera kukulitsa luso lawo lachilengedwe mu mgwirizano wa organic ndi chitukuko cha zida zankhondo zamakono zamakono. Chotsatira cha zaka zambiri za ntchito yophunzitsa m'munda wa zida zinali "Zida za Symphony Orchestra" (1950) - buku lodziwika kwambiri, lomwe ladutsa kale makope anayi.

Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri kwa owerenga amakono ndi zolemba za Chulaki, zomwe zimasindikizidwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana m'mabuku ndi m'magulu apadera a monographic, za Yu. F. Fayer, A. Sh. Melik-Pashayev, B. Britten, LBEG Gilels, MV Yudina, II Dzerzhinsky, VV Shcherbachev ndi oimba ena otchuka.

Kulenga moyo Mikhail Ivanovich ndi inextricably zogwirizana ndi nyimbo ndi chikhalidwe chikhalidwe. Iye anali wotsogolera ndi luso mkulu wa Leningrad State Philharmonic Society (1937-1939), mu 1948 anakhala wapampando wa Leningrad Union of Composers ndipo m'chaka chomwecho pa First All-Union Congress anasankhidwa kukhala mlembi wa Union of Union. Olemba Soviet a USSR; mu 1951 adasankhidwa kukhala wachiwiri kwa wapampando wa Komiti ya Zojambula pansi pa Council of Ministers of the USSR; mu 1955 - wotsogolera Bolshoi Theatre wa USSR; kuyambira 1959 mpaka 1963 Chulaki anali mlembi wa Union of Composers wa RSFSR. Mu 1963, iye kachiwiri anatsogolera Bolshoi Theatre, nthawi ino monga wotsogolera ndi luso mkulu.

Kwa nthawi yonse ya utsogoleri wake, ntchito zambiri zaluso za Soviet ndi zakunja zidachitika pa siteji ya zisudzo kwa nthawi yoyamba, kuphatikiza zisudzo: "Amayi" ndi TN Khrennikov, "Nikita Vershinin" ndi Dm. B. Kabalevsky, "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" ndi "Semyon Kotko" ndi SS Prokofiev, "October" ndi VI Muradeli, "Optimistic Tragedy" ndi AN Kholminov, "The Taming of the Shrew" ndi V. Ya. Shebalin, “Jenufa” lolemba L. Janachka, “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” lolemba B. Britten; opera-ballet The Snow Queen ndi MR Rauchverger; ballets: “Leyli and Mejnun” by SA Balasanyan, “Stone Flower” by Prokofiev, “Icarus” by SS Slonimsky, “The Legend of Love” by AD Melikov, “Spartacus” by AI Khachaturian, “Carmen suite” by RK Shchedrin, "Assel" wolemba VA Vlasov, "Shurale" ndi FZ Yarullin.

MI Chulaki adasankhidwa kukhala wachiwiri kwa Supreme Soviet wa RSFSR VI ndi misonkhano ya VII, anali nthumwi ku XXIV Congress ya CPSU. Chifukwa cha luso lake pakukula kwa luso la nyimbo za Soviet, adapatsidwa udindo wa People's Artist wa RSFSR ndipo adapatsidwa mphoto - Order of the Red Banner of Labor, Order of Friendship of Peoples ndi Baji ya Ulemu.

Mikhail Ivanovich Chulaki anamwalira pa January 29, 1989 ku Moscow.

L. Sidelnikov