Koto: kufotokozera chida, kapangidwe, mbiri, mitundu, ntchito, kusewera njira

Ku Japan, chida chapadera chodulira koto chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira kalekale. Mayina ake ena akale ndi otero, kapena zither zaku Japan. Mwambo wosewera koto umabwerera ku mbiri ya banja lolemekezeka la Japan Fujiwara.

Koto ndi chiyani

Amakhulupirira kuti chida choimbiracho chinatengedwa ndi anthu a ku Japan kuchokera ku chikhalidwe cha Chitchaina, chomwe chili ndi qin yofanana. Koto ndi chida chodziwika bwino cha dziko la Japan. Nthawi zambiri nyimbozo zimatsagana ndi kuyimba kwa chitoliro cha shakuhachi, nyimboyi imayendetsedwa ndi ng’oma za tsuzumi.

Pali zida zofanana m'zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zapadziko lapansi. Ku Korea, amasewera komungo yakale, ku Vietnam, danchan ndi yotchuka. Achibale akutali amaphatikizapo kantele yothyoledwa ku Finland ndi gusli yachikhalidwe cha Asilavo.

Chida chipangizo

Kwa nthawi yayitali, mapangidwewo sanasinthe kwenikweni. Paulownia, mtengo wofala kummawa, umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Ndi nkhuni zapamwamba komanso luso la wosema zomwe zimatsimikizira kukongola kwa koto wa ku Japan. Pamwamba nthawi zambiri samakongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsera zowonjezera.

Kutalika kumafika 190 cm, sitimayo nthawi zambiri imakhala 24 cm mulifupi. Chidacho ndi chachikulu kwambiri komanso cholemera kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri imayikidwa pansi, koma ina imatha kugwada.

Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, anthu a ku Japan anagwirizanitsa deku ndi nthano zachikhalidwe ndi zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo, motero amazipatsa makanema ojambula. Deca akuyerekezeredwa ndi chinjoka chimene chili m’mphepete mwa nyanja. Pafupifupi gawo lililonse lili ndi dzina lake: pamwamba limagwirizana ndi chipolopolo cha chinjoka, pansi ndi mimba yake.

Zingwe zili ndi dzina lapadera. Zingwe zoyamba zimawerengedwa motsatira ndondomeko, zingwe zitatu zomalizira zimatchedwa makhalidwe abwino kuchokera ku ziphunzitso za Confucian. Kale, zingwezo zinali zopangidwa ndi silika, tsopano oimba amasewera pa nayiloni kapena polyester-viscose.

Mabowo amapangidwa mu sitimayo, chifukwa cha iwo n'zosavuta kusintha zingwe, resonance ya phokoso bwino. Maonekedwe awo amadalira mtundu wa kototi.

Kuti atulutse phokosolo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito posankha tsume pa mnyanga wa njovu. Mphuno amaikidwa pa zala. Ndi chithandizo chawo, phokoso lolemera ndi lamadzimadzi limatulutsidwa.

History

Kuchokera ku China panthawi ya Nara, chidacho chinatchuka mwamsanga pakati pa anthu olemekezeka a ku Japan. Maonekedwe a nyimbo za gagaku zoyimbidwa ndi oimba a palace. Chifukwa chiyani a qixianqin aku China adalandira makalata oti "koto" m'Chijapani sichidziwika bwino.

Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, chinafalikira ndipo chinakhala chovomerezeka ku maphunziro m'mabanja olemekezeka. Inali yotchuka kwambiri m'nthawi ya Heian, kukhala njira yosangalatsa komanso yosangalatsa m'magulu apamwamba a ku Japan. Kwa zaka zambiri, chidacho chafala kwambiri komanso chodziwika bwino. Ntchito zoyamba zidawoneka zomwe sizinalembedwe kuti zigwire ntchito ya khothi.

M'nthawi ya Edo yotsatira, masitayelo osiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yamasewera adabadwa. M'makhothi akuluakulu, sokyoku, ntchito zidagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono - tsukushi, omwe amapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito m'magulu olemekezeka, ndi zokuso, nyimbo za amateurs ndi anthu wamba. Oimba amaphunzira njira m'masukulu akuluakulu atatu aku Japan akusewera zither: masukulu a Ikuta, Yamada ndi Yatsuhashi.

M'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi, mtundu wa sankyoku unakhala wotchuka. Nyimbo zinkachitidwa pa zida zitatu: koto, shamisen, shakuhachi. Oimba nthawi zambiri amayesa kuphatikiza zither yaku Japan ndi zida zamakono zaku Western.

Zosiyanasiyana

Mitundu nthawi zambiri imatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe akunja: mawonekedwe a sitimayo, mabowo, tsume. Gululi limaganiziranso mitundu ya nyimbo kapena masukulu omwe chidacho chidagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Pa mtundu wakale wa gagaku, mtundu wa gakuso unkagwiritsidwa ntchito; kutalika kwake kufika 190 cm. M'gulu lachikale la sokyoku, lomwe latsala pang'ono kuzimiririka masiku ano, mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu idagwiritsidwa ntchito: tsukushi ndi zokuso.

Kutengera zoso, koto ya Ikuta ndi Yamada (yopangidwa m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi oimba Ikuta ndi Yamada Kangyo, motsatana). Koto ya ku Ikuta inali ndi bolodi lalitali masentimita 177, koto la Yamada limafika masentimita 182 ndipo limakhala ndi mawu okulirapo.

Shinsō, mitundu yamakono ya koto, idapangidwa ndi woimba waluso Michio Miyagi m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri. Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu: 80-chingwe, 17-chingwe, tanso (kototi lalifupi).

kugwiritsa

Zither za ku Japan zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'masukulu achikhalidwe ndi mitundu komanso nyimbo zamakono. Oimba amaphunzira m'masukulu akuluakulu ochita masewera - Ikuta-ryu ndi Yamada-ryu. Zither zimaphatikizidwa ndi zida zachikhalidwe komanso zamakono.

Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi zingwe 17 ndi koto zazifupi. Mapangidwe awo ali ndi magawo ocheperako, mosiyana ndi enawo. Zidazi ndizosavuta kusuntha ndikunyamula, ndipo tanso imatha kuyikidwa pamiyendo yanu.

Njira yamasewera

Malingana ndi mtundu ndi sukulu, woimbayo amakhala ndi miyendo yopingasa kapena pazidendene pa chidacho. Tiyeni tikweze bondo limodzi. Thupi la thupi limayikidwa pakona yoyenera kapena diagonally. Pamakonsati m'maholo amakono, kotoni imayikidwa pamtunda, woimba amakhala pa benchi.

Milatho - kotoji - amakonzedweratu kuti apange makiyi omwe mukufuna. Kotoji anapangidwa kuchokera ku minyanga ya njovu. Phokoso limatulutsidwa mothandizidwa ndi ma nozzles apamwamba - tsume.