Luigi Marchesi |

Luigi Marchesi

Marchesi ndi m'modzi mwa oyimba omaliza odziwika a castrato chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX komanso koyambirira kwa XNUMX. Stendhal m'buku lake "Rome, Naples, Florence" anamutcha "Bernini mu nyimbo". "Marchesi anali ndi mawu a timbre yofewa, njira ya virtuoso coloratura," anatero SM Grishchenko. "Kuimba kwake kunasiyanitsidwa ndi nyimbo zolemekezeka, zobisika."

Luigi Lodovico Marchesi (Marchesini) anabadwa pa August 8, 1754 ku Milan, mwana wa woyimba lipenga. Poyamba anaphunzira kuimba lipenga losaka nyama. Pambuyo pake, atasamukira ku Modena, anaphunzira kuimba ndi mphunzitsi Caironi ndi woimba O. Albuzzi. Mu 1765, Luigi anakhala otchedwa alievo musico soprano (junior soprano castrato) ku Milan Cathedral.

Woimbayo wachinyamatayo adapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake mu 1774 ku likulu la Italy ku Pergolesi opera Maid-Mistress ndi gawo lachikazi. Zikuoneka kuti bwino kwambiri, kuyambira chaka chotsatira mu Florence kachiwiri anachita udindo wamkazi mu opera Bianchi "Castor ndi Pollux". Marchesi adayimbanso maudindo achikazi mu zisudzo za P. Anfossi, L. Alessandri, P.-A. Guglielmi. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pa chimodzi cha zisudzozo, munali ku Florence kumene Kelly analemba kuti: “Ndinaimba Sembianza ya Bianchi amabile del mio bel sole ndi kukoma kokoma kwambiri; m'ndime imodzi ya chromatic adakweza mawu amtundu wa chromatic, ndipo cholemba chomaliza chinali champhamvu kwambiri komanso champhamvu kotero kuti chimatchedwa bomba la Marchesi.

Kelly alinso ndi ndemanga ina ya momwe woimba wa ku Italy adayimba atawonera Olympiad ya Myslivecek ku Naples: "Kufotokozera kwake, momwe amamvera komanso momwe amachitira mu aria yokongola ya 'se Cerca, se Dice' zinali zotamandika kwambiri."

Marchesi adatchuka kwambiri pochita zisudzo ku Milan's La Scala mu 1779, komwe chaka chotsatira kupambana kwake mu Armida ya Myslivechek adalandira mendulo yasiliva ya Academy.

Mu 1782, ku Turin, Marchesi adachita bwino kwambiri mu Bianchi's Triumph of the World. Amakhala woyimba pabwalo la Mfumu ya Sardinia. Woimbayo ali ndi ufulu wolandira malipiro abwino apachaka - 1500 Piedmontese lire. Kuphatikiza apo, amaloledwa kuyendera kunja kwa miyezi isanu ndi inayi pachaka. Mu 1784, mu Turin yemweyo, "nyimbo" nawo gawo loyamba la opera "Artaxerxes" ndi Cimarosa.

“Mu 1785, iye anafika ngakhale ku St. Petersburg,” akulemba motero E. Harriot m’bukhu lake lonena za oimba a castrato, “koma, atachita mantha ndi nyengo ya kumaloko, ananyamuka mofulumira kupita ku Vienna, kumene anakhala zaka zitatu zotsatira; mu 1788 adachita bwino kwambiri ku London. Woimbayo anali wotchuka chifukwa cha kupambana kwake pa mitima ya amayi ndipo adayambitsa chipongwe pamene Maria Cosway, mkazi wa miniaturist, anamusiya mwamuna wake ndi ana ake ndipo anayamba kumutsatira ku Ulaya konse. Anabwerera kwawo kokha mu 1795.

Kufika kwa Marchesi ku London kudadzetsa chidwi. Madzulo oyambirira, sewero lake silinayambe chifukwa cha phokoso ndi chisokonezo zomwe zinkalamulira muholoyo. Wokonda nyimbo wachingelezi wotchuka Lord Mount Egdcombe akulemba kuti: “Panthaŵiyi, Marchesi anali mnyamata wokongola kwambiri, wokhala ndi maonekedwe abwino ndi mayendedwe ochititsa kaso. Kusewera kwake kunali kwauzimu komanso momveka bwino, luso lake la mawu linali lopanda malire, mawu ake amamveka bwino, ngakhale anali ogontha pang'ono. Anasewera gawo lake bwino, koma adapereka chithunzi kuti amadzikonda kwambiri; Kupatula apo, anali bwino pamagawo a bravura kuposa cantabile. M'mawonekedwe obwereza, amphamvu komanso okhudzidwa, iye analibe wofanana, ndipo ngati anali wodzipereka pang'ono kwa melismas, zomwe sizili zoyenera nthawi zonse, ndipo ngati anali ndi kukoma koyera komanso kosavuta, ntchito yake ikanakhala yabwino: mulimonse, iye ali. nthawi zonse, zanzeru komanso zowala. . Pakuti kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake, anasankha Sarti wokongola opera Julius Sabin, amene alias onse a protagonist (ndipo pali ambiri a iwo, ndipo ndi osiyana kwambiri) amasiyanitsidwa ndi kufotokoza bwino kwambiri. Zonsezi ndizodziwika bwino kwa ine, ndinazimva zikuchitidwa ndi Pacchierotti usiku wina m'nyumba yaumwini, ndipo tsopano ndinaphonya mawu ake odekha, makamaka m'malo otsiriza omvetsa chisoni. Kwa ine zinkawoneka kuti masitayelo onyada kwambiri a Marchesi amawononga kuphweka kwawo. Poyerekeza oimbawa, sindinachite chidwi ndi Marchesi monga momwe ndinkamukondera kale, ku Mantua kapena m'maseŵera ena a opera kuno ku London. Analandiridwa ndi mfuu yogontha.”

Mu likulu la England, mtundu wokhawo mpikisano wochezeka wa oimba awiri otchuka castrato, Marchesi ndi Pacchierotti, unachitika pa konsati payekha m'nyumba ya Ambuye Buckingham.

Chakumapeto kwa ulendo wa woimbayo, nyuzipepala ina yachingelezi inalemba kuti: “Dzulo madzulo, Akuluakulu Awo ndi Afumukazi Awo analemekeza nyumba ya zisudzo chifukwa cha kupezeka kwawo. Marchesi anali nkhani yawo, ndipo ngwaziyo, atalimbikitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa Khotilo, adadziposa yekha. Posachedwapa wachira kwambiri pakukonda kwake chifukwa chodzikongoletsa mopambanitsa. Akuwonetsabe pa siteji zodabwitsa za kudzipereka kwake ku sayansi, koma osati kuwononga luso, popanda zokongoletsera zosafunikira. Komabe, kugwirizana kwa mawu kumatanthauza zambiri kukhutu monga kugwirizana kwa chowonera ndi diso; kumene kuli, kungafikitsidwe ku ungwiro, koma ngati sichoncho, zoyesayesa zonse zidzakhala zachabe. Kalanga, kwa ife zikuwoneka kuti Marchesi alibe mgwirizano wotero.

Mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma Marchesi akadali mmodzi mwa ojambula otchuka kwambiri ku Italy. Ndipo omverawo anali okonzeka kukhululukira virtuosos kwambiri. Ndi chifukwa chakuti panthawiyo oimba ankatha kupereka pafupifupi zofuna zonse zopanda pake. Marchesi "anapambana" m'munda uno. Izi ndi zimene E. Harriot analemba kuti: “Marchesi anaumirira kuti aonekere papulatifomu, akutsika paphiripo atakwera pamahatchi, nthaŵi zonse atavala chisoti chamitundumitundu chautali wosachepera yadi. Ma Fanfares kapena malipenga amayenera kulengeza za kuchoka kwake, ndipo gawoli liyenera kuyamba ndi imodzi mwa ma arias omwe amawakonda - nthawi zambiri "Mia speranza, io pur vorrei", zomwe Sarti adalemba makamaka kwa iye - mosasamala kanthu za gawo lomwe adasewera komanso zomwe akufuna. Oimba ambiri anali ndi mawu oti; ankatchedwa "arie di baule" - "suitcase arias" - chifukwa ochita masewerawa adasamuka nawo kuchokera kumalo owonetserako masewero kupita kumalo owonetsera.

Vernon Lee akulemba kuti: "Mbali yosasamala kwambiri ya anthu inali kuchita macheza ndi kuvina ndi kupembedza ... woimba Marchesi, yemwe Alfieri adamuitana kuti avale chisoti ndikupita kunkhondo ndi a French, akumutcha iye yekha wa ku Italy yemwe adalimba mtima. kukana "Corsican Gaul" - wogonjetsa, osachepera ndi nyimbo."

Pano pali zonena za 1796, pamene Marchesi anakana kulankhula ndi Napoleon ku Milan. Komabe, izi sizinalepheretse Marchesi pambuyo pake, mu 1800, nkhondo ya Marengo itatha, kukhala patsogolo pa omwe adalandira wolandayo.

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80, Marchesi adayamba ku San Benedetto Theatre ku Venice mu opera ya Tarki The Apotheosis of Hercules. Pano, ku Venice, pali mpikisano wokhazikika pakati pa Marchesi ndi prima donna wa Chipwitikizi Donna Luisa Todi, yemwe anaimba ku San Samuele Theatre. Tsatanetsatane wa mpikisano uwu umapezeka mu kalata ya 1790 yochokera ku Venetian Zagurri kupita kwa bwenzi lake Casanova: "Iwo amanena zochepa za zisudzo zatsopano (La Fenice. - Approx. Auth.), Mutu waukulu wa nzika zamagulu onse ndi ubale pakati pa Todi ndi Marchesi; kukambirana za izi sizidzatha mpaka mapeto a dziko lapansi, chifukwa nkhani zoterezi zimangolimbitsa mgwirizano wa ulesi ndi wopanda pake.

Ndipo apa pali kalata ina yochokera kwa iye, yomwe inalembedwa chaka chotsatira: "Iwo anasindikiza caricature m'Chingelezi, momwe Todi amasonyezedwa mwachipambano, ndipo Marchesi akuwonetsedwa pafumbi. Mizere iliyonse yolembedwa mu chitetezo cha Marchesi imapotozedwa kapena kuchotsedwa ndi chigamulo cha Bestemmia (khothi lapadera lolimbana ndi zonyansa. - Approx. Aut.). Zachabechabe zilizonse zomwe zimalemekeza Todi ndizolandiridwa, popeza ali pansi pa Damone ndi Kaz.

Zinafika poti mphekesera zinayamba kufalikira za imfa ya woimbayo. Izi zinachitidwa kuti akhumudwitse ndi kuopseza Marchesi. Chotero nyuzipepala ina yachingelezi ya mu 1791 inalemba kuti: “Dzulo, analandira chidziŵitso chonena za imfa ya woseŵera wopambana mu Milan. Akuti adachitiridwa nsanje ndi wolemekezeka wa ku Italy, yemwe mkazi wake ankaganiziridwa kuti ankakonda kwambiri nightingale yatsoka ... Zimanenedwa kuti chomwe chinayambitsa tsokali chinali poizoni, chomwe chinayambitsidwa ndi luso komanso luso la Italy.

Ngakhale kuti adani anali ndi chiwembu, Marchesi anachita mumzinda wa ngalande kwa zaka zingapo. Mu Seputembala 1794, Zagurri adalemba kuti: "Marchesi ayenera kuyimba nyengo ino ku Fenice, koma zisudzo zidamangidwa moyipa kwambiri kotero kuti nyengoyi sikhala nthawi yayitali. Marchesi adzawatengera ma sequins 3200. ”

Mu 1798, mu zisudzo izi, "Muziko" anaimba mu opera Zingarelli ndi dzina lachilendo "Caroline ndi Mexico", ndipo iye anachita mbali ya lachinsinsi Mexico.

Mu 1801, Teatro Nuovo idatsegulidwa ku Trieste, komwe Marchesi adayimba mu nyimbo ya Mayr ya Ginevra Scottish. Woimbayo anamaliza ntchito yake mu nyengo 1805/06, ndipo mpaka nthawi imeneyo anapitiriza zisudzo bwino mu Milan. Chiwonetsero chomaliza cha Marchesi chinachitika mu 1820 ku Naples.

Maudindo abwino kwambiri a Marchesi a soprano akuphatikizapo Armida (Mysliveček's Armida), Ezio (Alessandri's Ezio), Giulio, Rinaldo (Giulio Sabino wa Sarti, Armida ndi Rinaldo), Achilles (Achilles on Skyros) inde Capua).

Woimbayo anamwalira pa December 14, 1829 ku Inzago, pafupi ndi Milan.