Chachikulu-chochepa |

Chachikulu-chochepa, dongosolo lalikulu laling'ono.

1) Mawu otanthauza mgwirizano wamitundu yosiyana mkati mwa dongosolo limodzi. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi iyi: dzina lodziwika bwino laling'ono (lalikulu lomwe limasinthidwa ndi mawu odziwika bwino ang'onoang'ono) komanso, mocheperako, laling'ono-wamng'ono (waling'ono wolemeretsedwa ndi zigawo za eponymous wamkulu); ku M.-m. komanso kuphatikiza mitundu yofananira - ma harmonic. chachikulu ndi harmonic. wamng'ono. Mm. pamodzi ndi chromatic system ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya ma modal system ("extended tonality" - malinga ndi GL Catuar, IV Sposobin).

Chachikulu-chochepa

Minoro major

Chachikulu; parallel system chords

Zochepa; parallel system chords

Kugwiritsa ntchito zenizeni za M. - m. (masitepe otsika a VI ndi III mu M.-m., III wapamwamba ndi VI m'ming'ono-yaing'ono, ndi zina zotero) amapatsa fret multicolor, kuwala, kukongoletsa nyimboyi ndi matembenuzidwe atsopano a polymodal:

MP Mussorgsky. Chikondi "Mapiri apamwamba adawuluka mwakachetechete ...".

SV Rachmaninov. Chikondi "Morning".

M'mbiri yakale M.-m. monga dongosolo lapadera la polymodal lomwe linapangidwa mu kuya kwa classical. tonal system. Lingaliro la diatonic lalikulu ndi laling'ono momveka bwino limatsogolera lingaliro la M.-m. Komabe, achibale chodabwitsa chimapezeka mu polyphonic homophonic ntchito. wa Renaissance (monga titero, choyambirira, chosasiyanitsidwa M.-m.), pomwe, mwachitsanzo, lamuloli linali loti amalize mamvekedwe a nyimbo zazing'ono za Dorian, Phrygian ndi Aeolian ndi utatu waukulu (onani tchati cha nyimbo za monga Dorian M.-m. m'buku. " History of Musical Culture" ndi R. Gruber (vol. 1, part 1, M.-L., 1941, p. 399)). Zotsalira za kusasiyanitsidwa uku organically analowa dongosolo tonal mu mawonekedwe a wamkulu wolamulira wamng'ono ndi mogwirizana ndi masoka ang'onoang'ono chords (onani, mwachitsanzo, mipiringidzo 8-11 ya 2 kayendedwe ka Bach ku Italy Concerto), monga komanso mu mawonekedwe a chachikulu ("Picardian") chachitatu kumapeto kwa op yaying'ono. Mu nthawi ya Baroque, chiwonetsero cha M.-m. m'lingaliro loyenera likhoza kuganiziridwa kuti Ch. ayi. kusinthasintha kwa zazikulu ndi zazing'ono za dzina lomwelo mkati mwa chimango cha zomangamanga chimodzi (mayambiriro a D-dur kuchokera ku 1st movement ya Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier, vols. 27-35), nthawi zina amafika poyambitsa nyimbo za nyimbo. chaching'ono cha dzina lomwelo kukhala lalikulu (JS Bach, koyambirira kwakwaya "O Mensch, bewein' dein' Sünde gross" kutanthauza chiwalo). Ku Viennese classics M. - m. imakhala chida champhamvu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kusiyana pakati pa mitundu yayikulu ndi yaying'ono yodziwika bwino. Kusiyanasiyana kwa dzina lomweli kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mwaluso m'ma predicates, pre-cadence sections, pakati ndi chitukuko (modulation DA mu 1st movement of Beethoven's 2nd symphony), nthawi zina motsindika zamitundu. zotsatira (Sonata ya 16 ya Beethoven ya piyano, gawo 1). Wok. M'nyimbo, kuyambika kwa nyimbo zamitundu yosiyana kumathandizanso kuwonetsa ndakatulo. zithunzi (Leporello's aria kuchokera ku opera "Don Giovanni" ndi Mozart). Tsiku lopambana la M.-m. mu mitundu yake yonse imagwera pa nthawi ya chikondi (F. Schubert, F. Liszt, R. Wagner, E. Grieg, MI Glinka, MP Mussorgsky, NA Rimsky-Korsakov). Zosakaniza zazikulu-zing'onozing'ono zimafika pakuchulukira kwambiri komanso kutsekemera, kumafikira ku chiŵerengero cha makiyi, nyimbo, ndi nyimbo. ma revolutions (onani chitsanzo pamwambapa). Kuyika pa mzake, ubale wa M.-m. zimabweretsa maunyolo amtundu wanthawi yayitali (mwachitsanzo, kutsatira motsatizana: kutsika kwa VI mpaka kutsika kwa VI kumabweretsa kubwerera ku gawo loyamba; gawo loyamba la Rimsky-Korsakov's Antar). Mu nyimbo za m'ma 1 Mm. amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chokhazikika komanso chromatic yotalikirapo. dongosolo (ndi SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, P. Hindemith ndi olemba ena).

Monga dongosolo lapadera la modal M.-m. zakwaniritsidwa mu con. Zaka za zana la 19, makamaka mu ziphunzitso za theka la 1. Theorists wa 20th century of the 1st floor. ndi ser. Zaka za m'ma 19 (G. Weber, AB Marx, FJ Fetis) ankamvetsa kuti njirayi ndi yocheperako. dongosolo, kutanthauzira zinthu za "kutsutsa" monga kupyola malire a dongosolo ("leiterfremde" - "alien to the scale", malinga ndi mawu achi German). M'malingaliro a Fetis a tonality, kuyambika kwa ma polysystems kwayamba kale kumveka, komwe M.-m. (lingaliro la "pluritonality", "omnitonality"). X. Riemann amalankhula za "zosakanikirana zosakanikirana", akuyesa kuzitcha "zazing'ono-zazing'ono" ndi "zazing'ono-zazing'ono", koma ali ndi malingaliro ochepa kwambiri a mitundu yosakanikirana yotereyi (mwachitsanzo, ocheperako kwambiri). Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane chiphunzitso cha M.-m. zopezeka kwa FO Gewart. Mu Russian lit-re lingaliro M.-m. limapezeka mu BL Yavorsky (mawu: poyambirira "wamkulu-wamng'ono", ​​pambuyo pake - "mawonekedwe a unyolo"). Zofanana ndi chiphunzitso cha Gewart cha M.-m. kukhazikitsidwa ndi GL Catuar (pansi pa dzina lakuti "kachitidwe kakang'ono kakang'ono ka matani khumi") ndi kupangidwanso ndi IV Sposobin.

2) Matchulidwe a classic. dongosolo la tonal la zazikulu ndi zazing'ono kusiyana ndi akale, ma modal system ndi atonal system azaka za zana la 20.

Zothandizira: Yavorsky B., Kapangidwe ka mawu oimba (zida ndi zolemba), magawo 1-3, M., 1908; Catuar G., Theoretical course of harmony, gawo 1, M., 1924; Njira yothandiza yogwirizana, magawo 1-2, M., 1934-35 (Sposobin I., Dubovsky I., Evseev S., Sokolov V.); Berkov V., Harmony, gawo 1-3, M., 1962-1966, 1970; Sposobin I., Nkhani za mgwirizano, M., 1969; Kirina K., Major Minor mu Viennese Classics ndi Schubert, mu Sat: Art ndi Zinenero Zachilendo, (Mtundu 2), A.-A., 1966; zake, dongosolo la Major-Minor mu ntchito ya DB Kabalevsky (kutengera zofufuza), ibid.

Yu. N. Kholopov