Oleg Moiseevich Kagan (Oleg Kagan) |

Oleg Kagan

Oleg Moiseevich Kagan (November 22, 1946, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - July 15, 1990, Munich) - Soviet violinist, Wolemekezeka Wojambula wa RSFSR (1986).

Banja lake litasamukira ku Riga mu 1953, adaphunzira kusukulu ya nyimbo ku Conservatory pansi pa Joachim Braun. Ndili ndi zaka 13, woyimba zeze wotchuka Boris Kuznetsov anasamukira Kagan ku Moscow, kupita naye ku kalasi yake ku Central Music School, ndipo kuyambira 1964 - pa Conservatory. Mu 1964 yemweyo, Kagan adapambana malo achinayi pa mpikisano wa Enescu ku Bucharest, patatha chaka chimodzi adapambana mpikisano wa Sibelius International Violin, patatha chaka chimodzi adapambana mphoto yachiwiri pa mpikisano wa Tchaikovsky, ndipo potsiriza, mu 1968, adapambana. kupambana pa Bach Competition ku Leipzig.

Kuznetsov atamwalira, Kagan anasamukira ku kalasi ya David Oistrakh, yemwe anamuthandiza kujambula kuzungulira kwa makonsati asanu a violin a Mozart. Kuyambira 1969, Kagan anayamba ntchito yaitali kulenga ndi Svyatoslav Richter. duet awo posakhalitsa anakhala wotchuka padziko lonse, ndipo Kagan anakhala mabwenzi apamtima ndi oimba kwambiri nthawi - cellist Natalia Gutman (pambuyo pake anakhala mkazi wake), woyimba woyimba Yuri Bashmet, limba Vasily Lobanov, Alexei Lyubimov, Eliso Virsaladze. Pamodzi ndi iwo, Kagan ankaimba ensembles chipinda pa chikondwerero mumzinda wa Kuhmo (Finland) ndi pa chikondwerero chake chilimwe Zvenigorod. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, Kagan adakonza zokonzekera chikondwerero ku Kreut (Bavarian Alps), koma imfa yofulumira ya khansa inamulepheretsa kukwaniritsa zolingazi. Masiku ano, chikondwerero ku Kreuth chikuchitika kukumbukira woyimba zeze.

Kagan adadziwika kuti anali wochita bwino m'chipinda, ngakhale adachitanso ntchito zazikulu zamakonsati. Mwachitsanzo, iye ndi mkazi wake Natalia Gutman anachita Brahms Concerto kwa violin ndi cello ndi oimba mwachitsanzo, anatchuka kwambiri. Alfred Schnittke, Tigran Mansuryan, Anatole Vieru adapereka nyimbo zawo ku duet ya Kagan ndi Gutman.

Repertoire ya Kagan inaphatikizapo ntchito za olemba amasiku ano omwe nthawi zambiri sankachitapo kanthu mu USSR: Hindemith, Messiaen, olemba New Vienna School. Anakhala woimba woyamba wa ntchito zoperekedwa kwa iye Alfred Schnittke, Tigran Mansuryan, Sofia Gubaidulina. Kagan analinso womasulira wanzeru nyimbo za Bach ndi Mozart. Nyimbo zambiri za woimbayo zatulutsidwa pa CD.

Mu 1997, wotsogolera Andrey Khrzhanovsky anapanga filimu Oleg Kagan. Moyo pambuyo pa moyo. "

Iye anaikidwa mu Moscow pa Vagankovsky manda.

Mbiri ya zisudzo zazaka zana zapitazi ikudziwa oimba ambiri odziwika bwino omwe ntchito zawo zidafupikitsidwa pachimake cha luso lawo laluso - Ginette Neve, Miron Polyakin, Jacqueline du Pré, Rosa Tamarkina, Yulian Sitkovetsky, Dino Chiani.

Koma nthawiyo ikupita, ndipo zolemba zimatsalirabe, zomwe timapeza, mwa zina, zojambulidwa za oimba achichepere omwe anamwalira, ndipo nkhani ya nthawi yowopsya imagwirizanitsa mwamphamvu kusewera kwawo m'maganizo mwathu ndi nthawi yomwe inabala ndi anawatengera iwo.

Kunena zowona, nthawi ya Kagan idachoka naye. Anamwalira patatha masiku awiri atatha konsati yake yomaliza monga gawo lachikondwerero chomwe anali atangokonza kumene ku Bavarian Kreuth, pamwamba pa chilimwe cha 1990, m'chipinda cha khansa cha chipatala cha Munich - ndipo panthawiyi, chotupa chomwe chikukula mofulumira chinali. kuwononga chikhalidwe ndi dziko limene anabadwira , anawoloka unyamata wake kuchokera kumapeto mpaka kumapeto (anabadwira Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, anayamba kuphunzira Riga ...), ndipo anapulumuka kwa nthawi yochepa kwambiri.

Zikuwoneka kuti zonse ndi zomveka komanso zachilengedwe, koma nkhani ya Oleg Kagan ndi yapadera kwambiri. Iye anali mmodzi wa ojambula omwe ankawoneka kuti akuyima pamwamba pa nthawi yawo, pamwamba pa nthawi yawo, panthawi imodzimodziyo ndi yawo ndikuyang'ana, nthawi yomweyo, zakale komanso zam'tsogolo. Kagan anatha kugwirizanitsa mu luso lake chinachake, poyang'ana koyamba, zosagwirizana: ungwiro wa sukulu yakale, yochokera kwa mphunzitsi wake David Oistrakh, kukhwima ndi cholinga cha kutanthauzira, chomwe chinafunika ndi zochitika za nthawi yake, ndi pa nthawi. nthawi yomweyo - chikoka cha mzimu, wofunitsitsa kumasuka ku mitsinje ya nyimbo zoimbira (kumubweretsa pafupi ndi Richter).

Ndipo kupempha kwake kosalekeza kwa nyimbo za anthu a m'nthawi yake - Gubaidulina, Schnittke, Mansuryan, Vier, akale a m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri - Berg, Webern, Schoenberg, sanapereke mwa iye osati wofufuza wofufuza wa nkhani yatsopano, koma kuzindikira komveka kuti. popanda kukonzanso njira zowonetsera, nyimbo - ndipo pamodzi ndi izo, luso la woimbayo lidzasanduka chidole chamtengo wapatali kukhala mtengo wa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale (angaganize chiyani ngati angayang'ane zikwangwani zamasiku ano za philharmonic, zomwe zinachepetsa kalembedwe kake mpaka kufika pamlingo wa nthawi ya Soviet ogontha kwambiri! ..)

Tsopano, patatha zaka zambiri, tinganene kuti Kagan adawoneka kuti wadutsa zovuta zomwe Soviet adakumana nazo kumapeto kwa kukhalapo kwa USSR - pamene kunyong'onyeka kwa matanthauzo kunaperekedwa monga kuzama ndi kudzichepetsa, pofunafuna kugonjetsa. Kutopa uku zida zidang'ambika, kufuna kuwonetsa kuzama kwa lingaliro lamalingaliro, komanso kuwona momwemo chinthu chotsutsa ndale.

Kagan sanafune "zothandizira" zonsezi - anali woyimba wodziyimira pawokha, woganiza mozama, kuthekera kwake kosewera kunali kopanda malire. Iye anakangana, titero kunena kwake, ndi olamulira apamwamba - Oistrakh, Richter - pamlingo wawo, kuwatsimikizira kuti anali wolondola, chifukwa cha zomwe zinapangidwa mwaluso kwambiri. Inde, wina anganene kuti Oistrakh anaika mwa iye mwambo wapadera wamkati umene unamulola kuti asunthe muzojambula zake pamodzi ndi mzere wokwera, njira yofunikira ya nyimbo - ndipo mu izi iye, ndithudi, ndi kupitiriza nyimbo zake. mwambo. Komabe, mu kutanthauzira kwa Kagan kwa nyimbo zomwezo - sonatas ndi concertos za Mozart, Beethoven, mwachitsanzo - wina amapeza kuti kutalika kwakukulu kwa malingaliro ndi malingaliro, kukweza kwa semantic kwa phokoso lililonse, lomwe Oistrakh sakanakwanitsa, pokhala woimba. wa nthawi ina ndi ena amene ali ndi makhalidwe abwino.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti Oistrakh mwadzidzidzi adazindikira kuwongolera mosamalitsa mwa iyemwini, kukhala wotsagana ndi Kagan pazojambula zosindikizidwa za ma concerto a Mozart. Ndi kusintha kwa udindo, iye, titero, akupitiriza mzere wake mu ensemble ndi wophunzira wake wanzeru.

N'zotheka kuti zinachokera kwa Svyatoslav Richter, yemwe poyamba adawona woyimba zeze wanzeru, kuti Kagan adatengera chisangalalo chachikulu cha mtengo wamtundu uliwonse, woperekedwa kwa anthu. Koma, mosiyana ndi Richter, Kagan anali wokhwima kwambiri m'matanthauzidwe ake, sanalole kuti maganizo ake amugonjetse, ndipo m'zojambula zodziwika bwino za sonatas za Beethoven ndi Mozart zimawoneka nthawi zina - makamaka mukuyenda pang'onopang'ono - momwe Richter amachitira zofuna za achinyamata. woimba, mofanana ndi molimba mtima akuyenda kuchokera pamwamba pa mzimu kupita ku wina. Mosafunikira kunena, ndi chikoka chotani chomwe anali nacho kwa amnzake omwe adagwira nawo ntchito - Natalia Gutman, Yuri Bashmet - komanso kwa ophunzira ake, tsoka, ochulukirapo chifukwa cha nthawi yomwe adamupatsa mtsogolo!

Mwina Kagan adayenera kukhala m'modzi mwa oimba omwe sanapangidwe ndi nthawiyo, koma omwe amawapanga okha. Tsoka ilo, izi ndi zongopeka chabe, zomwe sizidzatsimikiziridwa konse. Chofunika kwambiri kwa ife ndi tepi iliyonse kapena mavidiyo omwe amajambula luso la woimba wodabwitsa.

Koma mtengo uwu si wa dongosolo nostalgic. M'malo mwake - zikadali zotheka, pomwe ma 70s - 80s. za m'zaka zapitazi sizinakhale mbiri yakale - zolembazi zikhoza kuonedwa ngati chitsogozo chotsogolera ku chitsitsimutso cha mzimu wapamwamba wa ntchito ya Russia, wolankhulira wowala kwambiri yemwe anali Oleg Moiseevich Kagan.

Kampani "Melody"