Chiroma |

italo. romanesca

Dzina lamitundu yosiyanasiyana ku Zap. Europe 17-18 zaka. instr. masewero ovina, kusintha kozungulira, komanso ma arias ndi nyimbo ndi instr. kutsagana, zomwe zachokera melodic-harmonic. chitsanzo chokhudzana ndi folia ndi passamezzo yakale (passamezzo antico).

Etymology ya dzina ndi chiyambi cha R. siziri zomveka bwino. Mwachiwonekere, idachokera ku Italy kapena Spain; motero, dzinali limatanthauzidwa ngati mawu ofanana ndi tanthauzo la "mumayendedwe achiroma" (alla maniera Romana) kapena kuchokera ku Chisipanishi. chikondi.

Nkhani F. Salinas "De Musica" (1577) ili ndi zambiri. zitsanzo za nyimbo zamtundu R. - mumayendedwe a Chipwitikizi. folia, yogwirizana ndi Chiitaliya. galliarde, spanish villancico, pavane, ndi zina zotero, zomwe nthawi zambiri zinkakonzedwa ndi prof. olemba. Mu decomp. Nyimbo za R. zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse mogwirizana ndi rhythmic. mwa kusinthasintha kupitirira kwapang'onopang'ono komwe kumayambira mu voliyumu ya quart, poyambitsa phokoso lopanda phokoso, zokongoletsera, ndi zina zotero. Chimodzi mwazolakwika zoyamba kuchokera pa izi ndi duet ya Monteverdi "Ohimi dov'i il mio ben" mu concerto kuchokera ku bukhu la 7 la madrigals (1619).

Chokhazikika kwambiri chinali chifaniziro cha bass (kudumphira ku chachinayi), chomwe chinali chachikulu. kusiyanitsa. chizindikiro cha R.; komabe, kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 17 ndi kusuntha kwa bass quart nthawi zambiri kumadzazidwa ndi mawu apakatikati. Muse. mawonekedwe a R. adakhazikitsidwa kale kuposa dzina lake; Poyambirira, masewero omwe ali pafupi ndi R. adapangidwa pansi pa mayina ena. Zidutswa zoyambirira zotchedwa "R". ndi mavinidwe a lute (A. de Becchi, 1568). Pachiyambi. Zaka za m'ma 17 R. ndizofala kwambiri pakuyimba ndi bass wamba, kwa cithara (J. Frescobaldi, zosonkhanitsa za 1615, 1630 ndi 1634), mu 2nd floor. Zaka za zana la 17 - pazida za kiyibodi (B. Storace, 1664). M'zaka za m'ma 19 ndi 20 kusinthidwa kwa nyimbo zakale kunachitika ndi JD Alar (kwa violin ndi pianoforte) ndi AK Glazunov (r. kuchokera ku ballet Raymonda).

Zothandizira: Riеmann H., The “Basso ostinato” ndi chiyambi cha cantata, “SIMG”, 1911/12, chaka 13; Nettl R., Mitu iwiri ya Spanish ostinato, «ZfMw», 1918/19, vol. 1, masamba 694-98; Gombosi О., Italia: patria del basso ostinato, «Rass. mus.», 1934, v. 7; Hоrsley J., Kusintha kwa zaka za zana la 16, «JAMS», 1959, v. 12, p. 118-32.