Sonorism

Sonorics, sonorics, sonoristics, sonoristic njira

ku lat. sonorus - sonorous, sonorous, phokoso; German Klangmusic; Polish sonorystyka

Mtundu wa njira zamakono zopangira pogwiritsa ntchito Ch. ayi. mamvekedwe amitundumitundu, owoneka ngati utali wosasiyanitsidwa.

Zodziwika bwino za S. (monga "nyimbo za sonorities") ndikubweretsa patsogolo mtundu wa mawu, komanso mphindi zakusintha kuchokera ku kamvekedwe kapena konsonanti kupita kwina. Kuwala kwina (phonism) nthawi zonse kumakhala kokhazikika pakumveka kwa nyimbo, zonse za polyphonic (kujambula kwa nyimbo, ma consonances omwe amawuka akafananizidwa komanso zimatengera malo, kaundula, timbre, liwiro la kusintha kwamtundu, mawonekedwe), ndi mawonekedwe a monophonic. (kujambula kwa magawo okhudzana ndi register, rhythm, mawonekedwe), komabe, pakuwonongeka. masitayelo, imadziwonetsera yokha (yomwe imadziyimira yokha) osati pamlingo womwewo, zomwe zimatengera malingaliro ndi zaluso. njira ya nyimbo. luso, mwina kuchokera ku nat. chiyambi cha kalembedwe. Zinthu za kutanthauzira kwa sonoristic za mgwirizano zapangidwa mu nyimbo kuyambira zaka za zana la 19. mokhudzana ndi chikhumbo cha konkriti ndi kutsimikizika kwachilengedwe kwa muses. zithunzi, nyimbo. mophiphiritsa ndipo anadziwonetsera yekha momveka bwino mu French. ndi nyimbo za Asilavo (zofunikira zina za S. zitha kupezeka mu folk instr. nyimbo zamitundu yambiri yamitundu). Mbiri yakale ya S.'s preforms ndi mitundu ya mgwirizano (onani, mwachitsanzo, gawo la Des7> - Des kuchokera ku bar 51 mu Chopin's b-moll nocturne), kusangalatsa kwazinthu zina za Nar. nyimbo (mwachitsanzo, kutsanzira phokoso la zida za anthu a ku Caucasus mu mawonekedwe a quintchord g - d1 - a1 - e2 mu "Lezginka" kuchokera ku opera "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila"), kusankha kwa nyimbo zomwe zimapangidwira molingana ndi phonic. zizindikiro (mwachitsanzo, nyimbo za kadamsana mu opera "Prince Igor"), ndime zofananitsa zokongola ndi ndime za cadence (mwachitsanzo, mu 2nd reprise ya Chopin's Des-dur nocturne; mu Liszt's No. 3 nocturne No. 2), zithunzi za mphepo yamkuntho, mphepo yamkuntho, mphepo yamkuntho (mwachitsanzo, "Francesca da Rimini", "Mkuntho", zochitika m'misasa ya "The Queen of Spades" ndi Tchaikovsky; "Scheherazade" ndi "Kashchei the Immortal" ndi Rimsky-Korsakov. ), kutanthauzira kwapadera kwa ma consonances, ch. ayi. polumikizana ndi ng'oma (mwachitsanzo, tritone mu leitmotif Leshy ku opera "The Snow Maiden"). Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri, pafupi masiku ano. lembani S., - pomwe belu likulira kuchokera ku opera "Boris Godunov" (chiyambi cha chithunzi cha XNUMX).

S. m'matanthauzo enieni a mawuwa angayankhulidwe kokha pokhudzana ndi nyimbo za m'zaka za zana la 20, zomwe zimachokera ku miyambo ya nyimbo zomwe zakhala zikuchitika mmenemo. kuganiza, makamaka zogwirizana. chinenero. Ndikosatheka kusiyanitsa kotheratu komanso mosakayikira pakati pa mamvekedwe enieni (nyimbo za tones) ndi sonority (nyimbo za sonorities); nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa njira za sonoristic kuchokera ku mitundu ina (yosakhala ya sonorous) ya njira yopangira. Chifukwa chake, gulu la S. limakhala lokhazikika; imangotchula mfundo zofunika kwambiri ndipo imatengera masinthidwe ndi kuphatikiza kwa mitundu yofananizidwa. M'dongosolo lamagulu, mitundu ya S. imakonzedwa mwadongosolo la kuchotsa pang'onopang'ono kuyambira pachiyambi - zochitika za njira wamba ya tonal.

M'pomveka kuti gawo loyamba la kudziyimira pawokha kwa S. limatanthauziridwa mogwirizana, pomwe pali kusintha kowoneka bwino kwa chidwi kuchokera pamalingaliro amawu osiyanitsidwa ndi mamvekedwe kupita ku kamvekedwe ka mawu osagwirizana ndi "mamvekedwe a timbral". Njira yofananira yopangidwa ndi C. Debussy ikuwonetsa kusinthika kwa njirayi: chingwe cholumikizira chimadziwika ngati kutsatizana kwamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wa timbre (njira yofananira-dissonant blocks mu jazi ndi yofanana ndi njira iyi). Zitsanzo za mgwirizano wamitundu yosiyanasiyana: nyimbo za Daphnis ndi Chloe za Ravel (Dawn), Petrushka ya Stravinsky (kuyambira pa 4th), Cinderella wa Prokofiev (Midnight), nyimbo ya orchestra, op. 6 No 4 Webern, nyimbo "Mserafi" yolembedwa ndi Schoenberg.

HH Sidelnikov. Nthano zaku Russia, gawo 4.

Nthawi zina, kutanthauzira kwa sonoristic kwa mgwirizano kumagwira ntchito ngati ma consonances a cholinga cha timbre ("sonoras"). Ili ndiye "choyambira choyambira" mu Scriabin's Prometheus, osn. chord mu chidutswa cha Webern op. 10 No 3 ya okhestra, polyharmony yosagwirizana isanayambikenso kuyambitsa kwa ballet The Rite of Spring.

Mitundu ya Sonorant nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi magulu a consonance (ntchito za G. Cowell ndi ena). Osati nyimbo zokha zomwe zingakhale sonorous, komanso mizere (onani, mwachitsanzo, symphony yachiwiri ya Shostakovich mpaka nambala 2). Kuphatikiza sonorous chords ndi mizere imapanga sonorous layers (nthawi zambiri polumikizana ndi zigawo za timbres), mwachitsanzo. mtsinje wa mawu 13 kumapeto kwa symphony yachiwiri ya Prokofiev (12nd kusiyana), mu symphony yachiwiri ya Lutoslavsky, mu "Rings" ya okhestra ya Shchedrin. Kuzama kwina kwa S. kumalumikizidwa ndi kulekanitsidwa ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa mamvekedwe ndipo kumawonetseredwa, mwachitsanzo, pakuyimba nyimbo za zida zoimbira (onani Prokofiev's Egypt Nights, Nkhawa, kupyola mu chiwonetsero cha 2 cha 2nd act of the opera The Mphuno » Shostakovich). Pamapeto pake, S. kuchokera ku kamvekedwe ka sonoristically kumabweretsa phokoso lotanthauziridwa sonoristically (Chijeremani: Gerdusch), ndipo nkhaniyi imaphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwawiri. chinthu - nyimbo. phokoso (neoekmelika) ndi nyimbo zowonjezera (zokhudzana ndi gawo la nyimbo zotchedwa konkire).

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zofananira komanso matanthauzo ake amafanana kwambiri kapena amafanana. Mwachitsanzo, "Tren" ya Penderecki imayamba ndi nyimbo zaphokoso.

HH Sidelnikov. Nthano zaku Russia, gawo 4.

K. Penderecki. "Maliro a Ozunzidwa ku Hiroshima".

Choncho, S. imagwira ntchito zonse ndi njira zoyenera za sonorous (phokoso la nyimbo, zigawo za timbre, zojambula zamtundu wamtundu, zomveka popanda phokoso linalake), komanso pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina ya teknoloji (tonal, modal, serial, aleatory, etc. ). Comp. Njira ya S. imaphatikizapo kusankha zina. zomveka (mawonekedwe ake ali mwachindunji, osati mogwirizana ndi lingaliro laluso la ntchitoyo), kugawidwa kwake ndi madipatimenti opanga. kutengera mzere wosankhidwa wa chitukuko, dongosolo lopangidwa payekhapayekha lathunthu. Muse. njira yamtunduwu imagwirizanitsidwa ndi chikhumbo chokhala ndi cholinga cha chitukuko cha sonority, kupanga nthawi zonse zokwera ndi zotsika zomwe zimasonyeza kusuntha kwamaganizo a maziko a nyimbo.

S. molunjika kuposa nyimbo zamamvekedwe, amatha kupanga mitundu yonse yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, makamaka, kuphatikiza zochitika zakunja mu nyimbo. Choncho, chikhalidwe kwa Russian. nyimbo zachikale, chithunzi cha kulira kwa belu chimapeza thupi latsopano mu S.

Ubwino wake. S.'s scope - mus. m’mabuku amene mamvekedwe amitundumitundu ali ofunika kwambiri: “kutuluka kwa chiphalaphala chabuluu-lalanje, kung’anima ndi kuthwanima kwa nyenyezi zakutali, kunyezimira kwa malupanga amoto, kuthamanga kwa mapulaneti abiriwiri, mithunzi yofiirira ndi kuzungulira kwa mitundu ya mawu” ( O. Messiaen, “Njira ya chinenero changa choyimba”). Onaninso Phonism.

AG Schnittke. pianissimo.

RK Shchedrin. "Amayimba".

Zothandizira: Asafiev BV, Mawonekedwe oimba ngati njira, (mabuku 1-2), M.-L., 1930-47, 3 (mabuku onse awiri), L., 1971; Shaltuper Yu., Pa kalembedwe ka Lutoslavsky mu 60s, mu: Problems of Musical Science, vol. 3, M., 1975; Nikolskaya I., "Nyimbo za Maliro" lolemba Witold Lutoslavsky ndi zovuta za gulu loyimba mu nyimbo zazaka za zana la 10, mu: Music and Modernity, (nkhani) 1976, M., 1; Messiaen O., Technique de mon langage musical, v. 2-1944, P., 1961; Chominski J., Technika sonorystyczna jako przedmiot systematycznego szkolenia, "Muzyka", 6, rok 3, No 1968; wake, Muzyka Polski Ludowej, Warsz., 1962; Kohoutek C., Novodobé skladebné teorie západoevropske hudby, Praha, 1965, Novodobé skladebné smery vhudbe, Praha, 1976 (Kumasulira kwa Chirasha - Kogoytek Ts., Njira yopangira nyimbo zazaka za zana la XNUMX, M.

Yu. N. Kholopov