Syncope |

kuchokera ku Greek synkope - truncation

Kusintha kutsindika kuchoka pa kugunda kolimba kwambiri kupita ku kocheperako. Chochitika chodziwika bwino ndikukulitsa mawu kuchokera ku nthawi yofooka kupita ku nthawi yamphamvu kapena yamphamvu:

ndi zina zotero. Mawu akuti "C", omwe adayambitsidwa mu ars nova era, amabwerekedwa kuchokera ku galamala, pamene amatanthauza kutayika kwa syllable yosatsindika kapena mavawelo mkati mwa liwu. Mu nyimbo, sizikutanthauza kutayika kwa mphindi yopanda kupsinjika ndi kuyamba msanga kwa mawu, komanso kusintha kulikonse kwa kupsinjika maganizo. S. akhoza kukhala onse "oyembekezera" ndi "ochedwa" (onani: Braudo IA, Articulation, pp. 78-91), ngakhale kusiyana kumeneku sikungapangidwe motsimikiza.

Mu polyphony yokhazikika, S., yomwe nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi kuchedwa, imachedwa:

Pambuyo pa polyphony, komwe ma dissonances amagwiritsidwa ntchito momasuka, zokonzekera zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi phokoso la dissonant la ligi zimatengera khalidwe la C. Mu pl. milandu, komwe akusunthira sikungakhazikitsidwe: monga, mwachitsanzo, ndizovuta pakati pa metric. amathandiza, kupanga kupitiriza kuyenda, monga pachiyambi cha allegro ya 1 gawo la symphony ya Mozart mu D-dur (K.-V. 504). Chizindikiro cha Main S. ndikupatuka kwa katchulidwe weniweni kuchokera kuzomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi mita ya wotchi, zomwe zimapanga rhythmic. "Dissonances", zomwe zimathetsedwa panthawi ya zochitika zonse ziwiri:

L. Beethoven. 4 symphony, 1st movement.

Kwa rhythmic dissonances kuti amafuna kusamvana ndi otchedwa. hemiola.

Kupatuka kwa katchulidwe kabwinobwino kunapangitsa akatswiri amalingaliro azaka za zana la 17. chizindikiro S. (syncopatio) ku mawu oimba nyimbo. ziwerengero, mwachitsanzo, zopatuka kuchokera kumayendedwe wamba (monga ziwerengero zamakedzana).

Pazifukwa zomwezo, lingaliro la S. pambuyo pake lidawonjezedwa ku mitundu yonse ya non-metric. mawu, incl. pazochitika pamene kutsindika kwa kugunda kofooka kumatsatiridwa ndi kupuma pa kugunda kwamphamvu, osati kuwonjezera phokoso (

), komanso katchulidwe kakang'ono pa kugunda kofooka kwa metric, komwe kumakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kuposa yamphamvu yam'mbuyomu (onani nyimbo ya Lombard).

Mtundu wotsiriza umaphatikizapo miyambo yambiri yachikhalidwe; amafanana ndi zakale. iambic kapena Middle-century. 2nd mode, to-rye mumayendedwe a wotchi amawonedwa ngati S., koma mwachilengedwe awo amakhala amtundu wakale. kachitidwe komwe nthawi si njira yolimbikitsira komanso pomwe kugawa kwa mawu sikumayendetsedwa ndi muyeso (onani Meter).

Choncho, muzochitika izi, palibe mikangano ya S. pakati pa zenizeni ndi metric. katchulidwe. Kusagwirizana pakati pa mita ndi kamvekedwe ka mawu nthawi zina kumayambitsa metric. zothandizira (ngakhale sizikuyendetsedwa pamawu), ndikupanga ext. kugwedezeka, kutsindika tempo yeniyeni, mwa ena - kumabisa miyeso. imathandizira ndikupanga mtundu wa tempo rubato ("kuba tempo").

S. a mtundu wa 1 ali ndi khalidwe lachangu, makamaka mu classic. nyimbo (kumene “mphamvu yoimba” imalamulira), komanso kuvina. ndi nyimbo za jazi za m’zaka za zana la 20; S. a mtundu koyambirira zimatengera apa (mwachitsanzo, chiyambi cha pianoforte wa sonata op. 31 No1, G-dur ndi coda ku Beethoven a Leoora No 3 overture, S. mu ntchito zambiri ndi R. Schumann).

Kawirikawiri, kutsegula kwa mita ndi tempo kumatheka ndi kuchedwa S. (mwachitsanzo, Beethoven's Coriolan overture, gawo lalikulu la PI Tchaikovsky's Romeo ndi Juliet overture). Mu nyimbo zachikondi nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi S. zosiyana, "rubat" chikhalidwe. Rhythmich. pamenepa, ma dissonances nthawi zina amakhala opanda chigamulo (mwachitsanzo, kumapeto kwa chidutswa cha Liszt "Bénédiction de Dieu dans la solitude" cha piano):

P. Leaf. Benediction de Dieu dans la wekha, chidutswa cha piyano.

Pakupanga zachikondi, ma C ochedwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Njira yodziwika bwino ndiyo kuchedwa kwa nyimbo, monga kuyimitsidwa pakukongoletsa kwa nyimbo. kalembedwe ka baroque (, kuchitidwa) ndikuyimira rubato yolembedwa, monga idamveka m'zaka za 17-18:

F. Chopin. Fantasy f-moll ya piyano.

Kuyembekezera S. pakati pa okondana, makamaka pakati pa AN Scriabin, kukulitsa nyimbo. ma dissonances samatsindika ma metric. kupuma.

P. Chopin. Nocturn c-moll ya piyano.

Zothandizira: Braudo IA, Articulation, L., 1965; Mazel LA, Zukkerman VA, Analysis of musical work. Zinthu za nyimbo ndi njira zowunikira mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono, M., 1967, p. 191-220.

MG Harlap