Václav Talich |

Vaclav Talich

Vaclav Talich adagwira ntchito yodziwika bwino pakukula kwa chikhalidwe cha nyimbo cha dziko lake. Zochita zake, zomwe zinakhudza theka lonse loyamba la zaka za zana lathu, zinasiya chizindikiro chosaiwalika m’mbiri ya nyimbo za ku Czechoslovakia.

Bambo ake a kondakitala, mphunzitsi komanso wolemba nyimbo wotchuka Yan Talikh, anali mphunzitsi wake woyamba. Ali wachinyamata, Vaclav Talich adachita ngati woyimba zeze ndipo mu 1897-1903 adaphunzira ku Prague Conservatory, m'kalasi la O. Shevchik. Koma patapita miyezi ingapo ndi Berlin Philharmonic ndi kuimba ensembles chipinda, iye anamva chikhumbo cha kuchita ndipo posakhalitsa anatsala pang'ono kusiya violin. The zisudzo woyamba Talikh wochititsa kunachitika mu Odessa, kumene mu 1904 anatsogolera symphony orchestra m'deralo, ndi Czech woimba anakhala Tiflis zaka ziwiri zotsatira, anaphunzitsa violin pa Conservatory, nawo ensembles chipinda ndi kuchititsa zoimbaimba, ndi. makamaka bwino - ntchito Russian nyimbo.

Kubwerera ku Prague, Talikh adagwira ntchito ngati woimba nyimbo, adakhala pafupi ndi oimba otchuka - I. Suk, V. Novak, mamembala a Czech Quartet. Talikh amakhala wofalitsa wotsimikizika wa ntchito za anthu a m'nthawi yake. Koma kulephera kupeza ntchito kumamuchititsa kupita ku Ljubljana kwa zaka zingapo, komwe amakachita zisudzo ndi zoimbaimba. Ali m’njira, Talih akupitirizabe kuchita bwino, akuphunzira kuchokera kwa A. Nikisch ku Leipzig ndi A. Vigno ku Milan. Mu 1912, iye potsiriza anakwanitsa kupeza ntchito kudziko lakwawo: anakhala kondakitala wa nyumba ya zisudzo mu Pilsen, koma patapita nthawi analinso ntchito. Komabe, ulamuliro ndi kutchuka kwa wojambula anali kale kwambiri kotero kuti atangolandira ufulu wa Czechoslovakia, Talik anaitanidwa kutsogolera Czech Philharmonic Orchestra.

Nthawi yapakati pa nkhondo ziwiri zapadziko lonse ndi nthawi ya maluwa apamwamba kwambiri a luso la wojambula. Pansi pa utsogoleri wake, gulu la oimba linakula mosadziwika bwino, likusandulika kukhala gulu logwirizana lomwe limatha kukwaniritsa zolinga za otsogolera, kuphunzira nyimbo zilizonse zovuta kwambiri ndi liwiro lalikulu. The Prague Philharmonic, motsogoleredwa ndi Talich, adayendera ku Italy, Hungary, Germany, Austria, England, Belgium, France, kulikonse kupambana kwakukulu. Talich mwiniwake adakhala wotsogolera woyamba ku Czech kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Kuwonjezera pa kutsogolera okhestra yake, iye anayenda kwambiri m'mayiko onse a ku Ulaya (kuphatikizapo USSR), kwa nthawi ndithu anatsogolera oimba ku Scotland ndi Sweden, anaphunzitsa kalasi Prague Conservatory ndi School of Excellence. Mphamvu zake zinali zazikulu: adayambitsa ma concert ku Philharmonic, adakonza zikondwerero za nyimbo za Prague May. Mu 1935, Talich adakhalanso woyang'anira wamkulu wa Prague National Theatre, pomwe sewero lililonse motsogozedwa ndi otsutsa lidali "pampikisano woyamba". Talich adachita pano pafupifupi ma opera onse achi Czech, omwe amagwira ntchito ndi Gluck ndi Mozart, Beethoven ndi Debussy, anali woyamba kupanga ntchito zingapo, kuphatikiza "Juliet" ndi B. Martin.

Kupanga kwa Talih kunali kwakukulu kwambiri, koma zolemba za olemba achi Czech - Smetana, Dvorak, Novak makamaka Suk - zinali zoyandikana naye kwambiri. Kutanthauzira kwake kwa ndakatulo za "My Motherland" lolemba Smetana, "Slavic Dances" lolemba Dvořák, Suk's serenade serenade, Novak's Slovak suite inakhala yapamwamba. Talikh anali wochita bwino kwambiri pazakale zaku Russia, makamaka ma symphonies a Tchaikovsky, komanso akale a Viennese - Mozart, Beethoven.

Czechoslovakia italandidwa ndi Ajeremani, Talih anasiya utsogoleri wa Philharmonic, ndipo mu 1942, pofuna kupewa ulendo wopita ku Berlin paulendo, adachitidwa opaleshoni. Posakhalitsa adayimitsidwa kwenikweni pantchito ndikubwerera ku ntchito yogwira ntchito yojambula pokhapokha atamasulidwa. Kwa nthawi, adatsogoleranso Czech Philharmonic ndi Opera House, kenako adasamukira ku Bratislava, komwe adatsogolera gulu la Orchestra la Slovakia Philharmonic, komanso kuchititsa Grand Symphony Orchestra. Kumeneko anaphunzitsa kalasi yochititsa pa Higher School of Music, kukweza gulu lonse la otsogolera achinyamata. Kuyambira 1956, Talikh, kudwala kwambiri, potsiriza anasiya ntchito luso.

Pofotokoza mwachidule za ntchito yabwino ya V. Talikh, mnzake wamng’ono, kondakitala V. Neumann analemba kuti: “Vaclav Talikh sanali chabe woimba waluso kwa ife. Moyo wake ndi ntchito yake zimatsimikizira kuti anali kondakitala wa Chitcheki m’lingaliro lonse la mawuwa. Nthawi zambiri adatsegula njira yopita kudziko lapansi. Koma nthawi zonse ankaona kuti ntchito ya kudziko lakwawo ndiyo ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa moyo wake. Anatanthauzira nyimbo zakunja bwino kwambiri - Mahler, Bruckner, Mozart, Debussy - koma m'ntchito yake adangoyang'ana kwambiri nyimbo za Czech. Iye anali mfiti wodabwitsa yemwe amasunga zinsinsi zake za kutanthauzira, koma mofunitsitsa adagawana chidziwitso chake cholemera ndi achichepere. Ndipo ngati lero luso la oimba aku Czech likuzindikirika padziko lonse lapansi, ngati lero akulankhula za mawonekedwe osasinthika a kalembedwe ka Czech, ndiye kupambana kwa ntchito yophunzitsa ya Vaclav Talich.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek