Ntchito zosinthika |

Ntchito zosinthika (ntchito zachiwiri, zam'deralo) - ntchito za modal, "zotsutsana ndi machitidwe akuluakulu" (Yu. N. Tyulin). Pa chitukuko cha nyimbo prod. ma toni amachitidwe (kuphatikiza ma toni oyambira) amalowa muubwenzi wosiyanasiyana komanso wovuta wina ndi mnzake komanso pakati pa tonal wamba. Pa nthawi yomweyi, chiŵerengero chilichonse cha quartic-fifth cha matani omwe ali kutali ndi pakati amapanga selo lamtundu wa modal, kumene kugwirizana kwa mawu kumatsanzira kugwirizana kwakukulu kwa tonic (kapena tonic-subdominant) yaikulu. cell cell. Pokhala pansi pa malo wamba a tonal, toni iliyonse imatha kugwira ntchito ya tonic kwakanthawi, ndipo yomwe ili gawo lachisanu pamwamba pake imatha kukhala yolamulira. Pali unyolo wa ma cell achiwiri a modal, momwe zoyambira zotsutsana zimakwaniritsidwa. kukhumudwa kukhazikitsa mphamvu yokoka. Zinthu za maselowa zimapanga P. f. Chifukwa chake, mu C-dur, kamvekedwe ka c kamakhala ndi main. khola modal ntchito (prima tonic), koma mu njira ya harmonic. kusintha kumatha kukhala kocheperako (kusinthasintha) (kwa tonic g) ndi kolamulirika komweko (kwa tonic f). Kutuluka kwa kamvekedwe ka nyimbo komwe kamayimba kumatha kukhudza mawonekedwe ake. kuyerekezera. Mfundo yaikulu ya P. F.:

Yu. N. Tyulin imayitana zothandizira zonse zam'deralo (pachithunzi - T) tonics mbali; zokopa kwa iwo P. f. (pachithunzi - D) - motsatana, olamulira ambali, kukulitsa lingaliro ili ku diatonic. nyimbo. Wosakhazikika P.t. sangakhale olamulira okha, komanso olamulira. Zotsatira zake, ma toni onse ndi diatonic. mawonekedwe achisanu amtundu wathunthu (S - T - D) maselo a modal, kupatula ma toni a m'mphepete (mu C-dur f ndi h), popeza chiŵerengero chochepetsedwa chachisanu pokhapokha pazikhalidwe zina chikufanizidwa ndi choyera chachisanu. Chiwembu chonse chachikulu ndi P. t. onani ndime 241 pamwambapa.

Kuphatikiza pa mawu omwe tawatchulawa P. f., melodic imapangidwa mwanjira yomweyo. P.f. Ndi ma toni oyambira a diatonic, zovuta komanso zolemetsa zimachitika chifukwa cha

kusintha kwa mtengo wa toni moyandikana ndi zomwe zaperekedwa pamwambapa ndi pansipa:

(Mwachitsanzo, phokoso la digiri ya III likhoza kukhala mawu oyambira ku II kapena IV). Ndi kusintha kwamawu oyambira, mawonekedwe a makiyi okhudzana amalowetsedwa mu dongosolo la kiyi yayikulu:

Chiphunzitso cha P. f. imakulitsa ndikukulitsa kumvetsetsa kwa kulumikizana kwa ma chords ndi makiyi. Kutsatira. chigawo:

JS Bach. The Well-Tempered Clavier, Volume I, Prelude es-moll.

kumapeto kwa mgwirizano wa Neapolitan, pamaziko a kusinthasintha kwa ntchito, imagwiranso ntchito ya Fes-dur tonic. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kubweretsa mu es-moll nyimbo yomwe palibe pakiyiyi. amasuntha ces-heses-as (es-moll ayenera kukhala ces-b-as).

Wolamulira wachiwiri (ko II st.) a-cis-e (-g) mu C-dur kuchokera ku lingaliro la P. f. zimakhala zosintha-chromatic. chosiyana cha diatonic. wolamulira wachiwiri (pamlingo womwewo) ace. Monga kulimbikitsa kosinthika kwa ma multidimensionality a harmonic. kapangidwe, chiyambi cha polyfunctionality, polyharmony ndi polytonality amatanthauziridwa.

Chiyambi cha chiphunzitso cha P. f. kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 18. Ngakhale JF Rameau adapereka lingaliro la "kutsanzira cadence". Kotero, mu ndondomeko yeniyeni yotsatizana VI - II - V - I, binomial yoyamba, malinga ndi Rameau, "imatsanzira" zotuluka V - I, ndiko kuti, cadence. Pambuyo pake, G. Schenker adapereka liwu loti "tonicization" ya chord chopanda tonic, kuwonetsa chizolowezi cha masitepe aliwonse kuti chisanduke tonic. M. Hauptmann (ndipo pambuyo pake X. Riemann) pofufuza za harmonics. ma cadences T – S – D – T adawona chikhumbo cha T choyambilira kukhala cholamulira chifukwa cha kusalabadira kwa S. Riemann ku machitidwe ozungulira modal – zolengedwa. kuchotsedwa kwa chiphunzitso chogwira ntchito, kudula ndikupangitsa kufunikira kwa chiphunzitso cha P. f. Chiphunzitsochi chinapangidwa ndi Yu. N. Tyulin (1937). Mofananamo IV Sposobin anafotokozanso malingaliro (kusiyanitsa pakati pa ntchito za "pakati" ndi "zapafupi"). Chiphunzitso cha P. f. Tyulin amawonetsa psyche. mawonekedwe amalingaliro: "Kuwunika kwa zochitika zomwe zimaganiziridwa, makamaka nyimbo, kumasintha nthawi zonse kutengera zomwe zikuchitika." M'kati mwachitukuko, pali kuwunikanso kosalekeza kwa zakale pokhudzana ndi masiku ano.

Zothandizira: Tyulin Yu. N., Kuphunzitsa za kumvana, v. 1, L., 1937, M., 1966; Tyulin Yu. H., Rivano NG, Theoretical Foundations of Harmony, L., 1956, M., 1965; iwo, Textbook of harmony, M., 1959, M., 1964; Sposobin IV, Nkhani za mgwirizano, M., 1969.

Yu. N. Kholopov