George Szell (George Szell) |

George Szell

Nthawi zambiri, okonda amatsogolera magulu abwino kwambiri, atapeza kale kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi. George Sell ndi wosiyana ndi lamuloli. Pamene adatenga utsogoleri wa Cleveland Orchestra zaka zoposa makumi awiri zapitazo, anali wodziwika pang'ono; Zoona, Clevelands, ngakhale anali ndi mbiri yabwino, anapambana Rodzinsky, sanali m'gulu la osankhika a oimba American. Woimbayo ndi gulu loimba ankaoneka ngati anapangidwa kwa wina ndi mnzake, ndipo tsopano, zaka makumi aŵiri pambuyo pake, moyenerera adziŵika padziko lonse.

Komabe, Sell, ndithudi, sanaitanidwe mwangozi ku udindo wa kondakitala wamkulu - ankadziwika bwino ku USA monga woimba waluso kwambiri komanso wokonzekera bwino. Makhalidwewa adakula mwa otsogolera pazaka zambiri zaukadaulo. Wobadwira waku Czech, Sell adabadwa ndikuphunzitsidwa ku Budapest, ndipo ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zinayi adawoneka ngati woyimba payekha pagulu la anthu, akuimba Rondo ya piyano ndi orchestra yomwe adapanga. Ndipo ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, Sell anali akuyendetsa kale Vienna Symphony Orchestra. Poyamba, ntchito zake monga wotsogolera, woyimba ndi kuimba piyano zinapangidwa mofanana; iye anawongoleredwa ndi aphunzitsi abwino koposa, anatenga maphunziro kwa J.-B. Foerster ndi M. Reger. Pamene Sell wazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri adachita sewero la symphony yake ku Berlin ndikusewera Beethoven's Fifth Piano Concerto, adamveka ndi Richard Strauss. Izi zinasankha tsogolo la woimbayo. Wolemba nyimbo wotchukayo anam’limbikitsa kukhala kondakitala ku Strasbourg, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo Sell anayamba moyo wautali woyendayenda. Anagwira ntchito ndi oimba ambiri abwino kwambiri, adapeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zaluso, koma ... Prague, Darmstadt, Düsseldorf, Berlin (pano adagwira ntchito yayitali kwambiri - zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi), Glasgow, The Hague - awa ndi ena mwa "mayimidwe" aatali kwambiri panjira yake yolenga.

Mu 1941, Sell anasamukira ku United States. Nthawi ina Arturo Toscanini adamuitana kuti atsogolere ochestra yake ya NBC, ndipo izi zidamupangitsa kuti apambane komanso oyitanidwa ambiri. Kwa zaka zinayi wakhala akugwira ntchito ku Metropolitan Opera, komwe amawonetsa zisudzo zingapo zabwino kwambiri (Salome ndi Der Rosenkavalier wolemba Strauss, Tannhäuser ndi Der Ring des Nibelungen wolemba Wagner, Otello wolemba Verdi). Kenako ntchito inayamba ndi gulu loimba la Cleveland Orchestra. Zinali pano, potsirizira pake, kuti makhalidwe abwino kwambiri a wotsogolera adatha kudziwonetsera okha - chikhalidwe chapamwamba cha akatswiri, luso lokwaniritsa luso laumisiri ndi mgwirizano muzochita, kuyang'ana kwakukulu. Zonsezi, zinathandiza Sell kukweza masewera a timuyi mpaka patali kwambiri pakanthawi kochepa. Sell ​​adapezanso kukula kwa oimba (kuchokera 85 mpaka oimba oposa 100); kwaya yokhazikika idapangidwa pagulu la oimba, motsogozedwa ndi wotsogolera waluso Robert Shaw. Kusinthasintha kwa wochititsa chidwi kunathandizira kukulirakulira kwa gulu la oimba, lomwe limaphatikizapo ntchito zambiri zazikuluzikulu zakale - Beethoven, Brahms, Haydn, Mozart. Kupanga kwawo kumapanga maziko a mapulogalamu a otsogolera. Malo ofunikira mu repertoire yake amakhalanso ndi nyimbo za Czech, makamaka pafupi ndi umunthu wake waluso.

Sell ​​amaimba nyimbo zaku Russia mofunitsitsa (makamaka Rimsky-Korsakov ndi Tchaikovsky) ndipo amagwira ntchito ndi olemba amakono. Pazaka khumi zapitazi, gulu lanyimbo la Cleveland Orchestra, lotsogozedwa ndi Szell, ladzipangira mbiri padziko lonse lapansi. Anapanga maulendo akuluakulu ku Ulaya kawiri (mu 1957 ndi 1965). Paulendo wachiwiri, oimba nyimbo m'dziko lathu kwa milungu ingapo. Omvera a ku Soviet Union anayamikira luso lapamwamba la wotsogolera, kukoma kwake kosaneneka, ndi luso lake lofotokozera mosamalitsa malingaliro a olembawo kwa omvera.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969