Alto chitoliro: ndichiyani, zikuchokera, phokoso, ntchito

Chitoliro ndi chimodzi mwa zida zakale kwambiri zoimbira. M’mbiri yonse ya anthu, zamoyo zake zatsopano zakhala zikuoneka ndi kutsogola. Kusiyana kwamakono kotchuka ndi chitoliro chopingasa. Chodutsacho chimaphatikizapo mitundu ina ingapo, imodzi yomwe imatchedwa alto.

Kodi chitoliro cha alto ndi chiyani?

Chitoliro cha alto ndi chida choimbira champhepo. Mbali ya banja lamakono la chitoliro. Chidacho ndi chamatabwa. Chitoliro cha alto chimadziwika ndi chitoliro chachitali komanso chachikulu. Ma valve ali ndi mapangidwe apadera. Poyimba chitoliro cha alto, woimba amapuma kwambiri kuposa chitoliro chokhazikika.

Theobald Böhm, wolemba nyimbo wa ku Germany, anakhala woyambitsa ndi wojambula wa chidacho. Mu 1860, ali ndi zaka 66, Boehm adalenga molingana ndi dongosolo lake. M'zaka za m'ma 1910, dongosololi linkatchedwa Boehm Mechanics. Mu XNUMX, woimba waku Italy adasintha chidacho kuti chipereke mawu otsika a octave.

Maonekedwe a chitoliro ali ndi mitundu iwiri - "yopindika" ndi "yowongoka". Mawonekedwe opindika amakondedwa ndi ochita pang'ono. Mawonekedwe osakhala amtundu amafunikira kutambasula pang'ono kwa manja, kupanga kumverera kopepuka chifukwa cha kusuntha kwapakati pa mphamvu yokoka pafupi ndi wochita. Mapangidwe olunjika amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri chifukwa ali ndi phokoso lowala.

kumveka

Kawirikawiri chidacho chimamveka mu G ndi F ikukonzekera - kotala kutsika kuposa zolemba zolembedwa. N'zotheka kutulutsa zolemba zapamwamba, koma olemba nyimbo samakonda kuchita izi. Phokoso lotsekemera kwambiri lili m'kaundula wapansi. Rejista yapamwamba imamveka yakuthwa, ndi kusinthasintha kochepa kwa timbre.

Chifukwa cha kutsika kochepa, oimba a ku Britain amatcha chida ichi kuti chitoliro cha bass. Dzina la Britain likusokoneza - pali chida chodziwika padziko lonse chokhala ndi dzina lomwelo. Chisokonezo cha dzinali chidayamba chifukwa chofanana ndi chitoliro cha Tenor cha Renaissance. Amamveka chimodzimodzi mu C. Choncho, phokoso lapansi liyenera kutchedwa bass.

ntchito

Malo ogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri chitoliro cha alto ndi gulu la oimba. Mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, idagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa mawu otsika ngati kutsagana ndi zina zonse. Ndi chitukuko cha nyimbo za pop, idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito payekha. Gawoli likhoza kumveka mu Glazunov's Eighth Symphony, Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring, Hammer ya Boulez Bila Master.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za chitoliro cha alto mu nyimbo zodziwika bwino ndi nyimbo yakuti "California Dreamin" yolembedwa ndi The Mamas & the Papas. Imodzi yokhala ndi nyimboyi idatulutsidwa mu 1965, kukhala yotchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Gawo la mkuwa lotonthoza linapangidwa ndi Bud Shank, wa ku America wa saxophonist komanso woimba zitoliro.

Pojambula nyimbo zamakanema, John Debney amagwiritsa ntchito chitoliro cha alto. Wolemba yemwe adapambana Oscar adalemba nyimbo zamakanema opitilira 150. Kuyamikira kwa Debney kumaphatikizapo The Passion of the Christ, Spider-Man 2, ndi Iron Man 2.

Adapangidwa zaka zosakwana 200 zapitazo, chitoliro cha alto chidayamba kutchuka ndipo chikugwiritsidwabe ntchito mpaka pano. Umboni ndikugwiritsa ntchito kambirimbiri m'magulu oimba komanso pojambula nyimbo za pop.