Etienne Mehul |

Etienne Mehul

"Opikisana nawo amakunyadirani, zaka zanu zimakusilirani, mbadwa zimakuyimbirani." Umu ndi momwe Megül amayankhulirana ndi wanthawi yake, wolemba Marseillaise, Rouget de Lisle. L. Cherubini amapatulira mnzake cholengedwa chabwino kwambiri - opera "Medea" - ndi mawu akuti: "Citizen Megul." "Ndi chithandizo chake komanso ubwenzi wake," monga momwe Megül mwiniwake akuvomerezera, adalemekezedwa ndi wokonzanso wamkulu wa siteji ya opera KV Gluck. The kulenga ndi chikhalidwe ntchito woimba anali kupereka Order la Legion Ulemu, analandira kuchokera m'manja mwa Napoleon. Zomwe bamboyu adatanthawuza ku dziko la France - m'modzi mwa anthu oimba nyimbo zazikulu kwambiri pazaka za zana la XNUMX - zidatsimikiziridwa ndi maliro a Megul, omwe adawonetsa chiwonetsero chachikulu.

Megül adapanga njira zake zoyambira nyimbo motsogozedwa ndi woimba wina wakomweko. Kuyambira 1775, mu abbey ya La Vale-Dieu, pafupi ndi Givet, adalandira maphunziro oimba nyimbo, motsogoleredwa ndi V. Ganzer. Pomalizira pake, mu 1779, ali kale ku Paris, anamaliza maphunziro ake motsogoleredwa ndi Gluck ndi F. Edelman. Msonkhano woyamba ndi Gluck, wofotokozedwa ndi Megül mwiniwake ngati ulendo woseketsa, unachitika mu phunziro la wokonzanso, pomwe woimba wachinyamatayo adalowa mobisa kuti awone momwe wojambula wamkulu amachitira.

Moyo ndi ntchito ya Megül zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zochitika za chikhalidwe ndi mbiri zomwe zinachitika ku Paris kumapeto kwa zaka za 1793 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 1790. Nyengo ya Revolution idatsimikiza mtundu wa nyimbo za woimbira komanso zochitika zamagulu. Limodzi ndi anthu otchuka a m’nthaŵi yake F. Gossec, J. Lesueur, Ch. Catel, A. Burton, A. Jaden, B. Sarret, amapanga nyimbo za zikondwerero ndi zikondwerero za Revolution. Megül adasankhidwa kukhala membala wa Music Guard (orchestra ya Sarret), adalimbikitsa mwamphamvu ntchito ya National Music Institute kuyambira tsiku lomwe idakhazikitsidwa (XNUMX) ndipo pambuyo pake, ndikusintha kwa sukuluyi kukhala malo osungiramo zinthu zakale, adaphunzitsa kalasi yolemba nyimbo. . M'zaka za XNUMX pafupifupi ma opera ake ambiri amawuka. M'zaka za Ufumu wa Napoleon ndi Kubwezeretsedwa zomwe zinatsatira, Megül adakhala ndi chidziwitso chowonjezereka cha kusasamala, kutaya chidwi ndi zochitika zamagulu. Imakhala ndi ophunzira okhawo omwe amaphunzira (wamkulu kwambiri pakati pawo ndi woyimba zisudzo F. Herold) ndi ... maluwa. Megül ndi wokonda maluwa, wodziwika bwino ku Paris ngati wodziwa bwino komanso woweta tulips.

Cholowa cha Megül ndi chochuluka. Zimaphatikizapo ma opera 45, ma ballet 5, nyimbo zamasewera ochititsa chidwi, ma cantatas, ma symphonies 2, piano ndi violin sonatas, nyimbo zambiri zamawu ndi zoimbaimba zamtundu wanyimbo zanyimbo zambiri. Ma opera a Megül ndi nyimbo zambiri adalowa m'mbiri ya chikhalidwe cha nyimbo. M'masewero ake abwino kwambiri anthabwala ndi nyimbo (Ephrosine ndi Coraden - 1790, Stratonika - 1792, Joseph - 1807), wolembayo amatsatira njira yomwe anthu a m'nthawi yake adafotokozera - odziwika bwino a opera Gretry, Monsigny, Gluck. Megül ndi m'modzi mwa oyamba kuwulula ndi nyimbo zachiwembu chovuta kwambiri, dziko lovuta komanso losangalatsa lamalingaliro amunthu, kusiyanasiyana kwawo komanso malingaliro akulu achikhalidwe ndi mikangano yanthawi ya Chisinthiko zobisika kumbuyo kwa zonsezi. Zolengedwa za Megül zidapambana ndi chilankhulo chamakono choyimba: kuphweka kwake komanso mawonekedwe ake, kudalira nyimbo ndi magwero ovina odziwika kwa aliyense, zobisika komanso nthawi yomweyo zochititsa chidwi za nyimbo za orchestra ndi kwaya.

Maonekedwe a Megül adajambulidwanso momveka bwino mumtundu wademokalase kwambiri wazaka za m'ma 1790, zomwe mawu ake ndi nyimbo zake zidalowa m'masamba a nyimbo za Megül ndi ma symphonies. Awa ndi "Nyimbo ya Marichi" (yosachepera kutchuka kwa "La Marseillaise" kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX), "Nyimbo Yobwerera, Nyimbo Yopambana." Wachikulire wa m'nthawi ya Beethoven, Megul ankayembekezera kukula kwa sonority, khalidwe lamphamvu la nyimbo za Beethoven, ndi nyimbo zake zomveka komanso zoyimba, nyimbo za oimba nyimbo, oimira chikondi choyambirira.

V. Ilyeva