Alfred Brendel |

Alfred Brendel

Mwanjira ina, pang'onopang'ono, popanda zomverera ndi zotsatsa phokoso, pofika m'ma 70s Alfred Brendel adasamukira kutsogolo kwa ambuye a piyano yamakono. Mpaka posachedwa, dzina lake limatchedwa pamodzi ndi mayina a anzawo ndi ophunzira anzake - I. Demus, P. Badur-Skoda, I. Hebler; masiku ano amapezeka kawirikawiri pamodzi ndi mayina a zounikira monga Kempf, Richter kapena Gilels. Amatchedwa m'modzi mwa oyenerera ndipo, mwina, wolowa m'malo woyenera kwambiri wa Edwin Fisher.

Kwa iwo omwe akudziwa za kusinthika kwa kulenga kwa wojambulayo, kusankhidwa kumeneku sikunali kosayembekezereka: ndizo, titero, zokonzedweratu ndi kuphatikiza kosangalatsa kwa chidziwitso cha pianistic, luntha ndi chikhalidwe, zomwe zinayambitsa chitukuko chogwirizana cha talente, ngakhale. ngakhale Brendel sanalandire maphunziro okhazikika. Zaka zake zaubwana zinakhala ku Zagreb, kumene makolo a wojambula m'tsogolo ankasunga hotelo yaing'ono, ndipo mwana wake anatumikira galamafoni yakale mu cafe, yomwe inakhala "mphunzitsi" wake woyamba wa nyimbo. Kwa zaka zingapo adaphunzira kuchokera kwa mphunzitsi L. Kaan, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo ankakonda kujambula ndipo pofika zaka 17 anali asanasankhe ntchito yomwe angakonde. Brendle anapereka ufulu wosankha ... kwa anthu: nthawi yomweyo anakonza chionetsero cha zojambula zake ku Graz, kumene banja linasamuka, ndipo anapereka konsati payekha. Mwachiwonekere, kupambana kwa woimba piyano kunakhala kwakukulu, chifukwa tsopano chisankho chinapangidwa.

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Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri panjira yaukadaulo ya Brendel chinali chipambano mu 1949 pampikisano watsopano wa Busoni Piano ku Bolzano. Anamubweretsera kutchuka (wodzichepetsa kwambiri), koma chofunika kwambiri, adalimbitsa cholinga chake chofuna kusintha. Kwa zaka zingapo wakhala akupita ku maphunziro apamwamba otsogozedwa ndi Edwin Fischer ku Lucerne, akuphunzira kuchokera kwa P. Baumgartner ndi E. Steuermann. Kukhala ku Vienna, Brendel amalowa m'gulu la oimba piyano achichepere omwe adadziwika bwino pambuyo pa nkhondo ku Austria, koma poyamba amakhala ndi malo osawoneka bwino kuposa oimira ena. Ngakhale kuti onse anali odziwika kale ku Ulaya ndi kupitirira apo, Brendle ankawonekabe "wolonjeza". Ndipo izi ndi zachibadwa kumlingo wina. Mosiyana ndi anzake, iye anasankha, mwina molunjika kwambiri, koma kutali ndi njira yophweka mu luso: iye sanadzitseke yekha mu chipinda cha maphunziro, monga Badura-Skoda, sanatembenukire ku chithandizo cha zida zakale, monga Demus, sanagwiritse ntchito olemba mmodzi kapena awiri, monga Hebler, sanathamangire "kuchokera ku Beethoven kupita ku jazz ndi kumbuyo", monga Gulda. Anangofuna kukhala yekha, ndiye kuti, woimba "wamba". Ndipo pamapeto pake zinapindula, koma osati nthawi yomweyo.

Pofika m'ma 60s, Brendel anatha kuyendayenda m'mayiko ambiri, anapita ku United States, ndipo ngakhale analemba zolemba kumeneko, malinga ndi maganizo a kampani ya Vox, pafupifupi pafupifupi ntchito zonse za limba ya Beethoven. Bwalo la zofuna za wojambula wamng'ono anali kale lonse nthawi imeneyo. Pakati pa zojambula za Brendle, tidzapeza ntchito zomwe zili kutali kwambiri ndi woimba piyano wa m'badwo wake - Zithunzi za Mussorgsky pa Exhibition, Islamey ya Balakirev. Petrushka wa Stravinsky, Pieces (op. 19) ndi Concerto (op. 42) ndi Schoenberg, amagwira ntchito ndi R. Strauss ndi Busoni's Contrapuntal Fantasy, ndipo potsiriza Prokofiev's Fifth Concerto. Pamodzi ndi izi, Brendle ndi wochuluka komanso wofunitsitsa kutenga nawo mbali m'magulu a chipinda: adalemba masewera a Schubert "The Beautiful Miller's Girl" ndi G. Prey, Sonata ya Bartok ya Piano Awiri ndi Percussion, Beethoven's ndi Mozart's Piano ndi Wind Quintets, Brahms' Hungarian. Zovina ndi Stravinsky's Concerto ya Ma Piano Awiri ... Koma pakatikati pa nyimbo zake, zonsezo, ndi zida za Viennese - Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, komanso - Liszt ndi Schumann. Kubwerera ku 1962, madzulo ake a Beethoven adadziwika ngati pachimake pa Chikondwerero chotsatira cha Vienna. “Mosakayikira Brandl ndiye woimira wamkulu wa sukulu yachichepere ya Viennese,” analemba motero wotsutsa F. Vilnauer panthaŵiyo. "Beethoven amamveka kwa iye ngati kuti amadziwa bwino zomwe olemba amakono achita. Zimapereka umboni wolimbikitsa kuti pakati pa zomwe zilipo panopa komanso chidziwitso cha omasulira pali mgwirizano wamkati wamkati, womwe ndi wosowa kwambiri pakati pa machitidwe ndi virtuosos omwe amachitira m'mabwalo athu a konsati. Kunali kuvomereza malingaliro ozama amakono otanthauzira a wojambulayo. Posakhalitsa, ngakhale katswiri wotere monga I. Kaiser amamutcha "wafilosofi wa piyano m'munda wa Beethoven, Liszt, Schubert", ndipo kuphatikiza kwa mphepo yamkuntho ndi luntha lanzeru kumamupatsa dzina loti "wafilosofi wa piano wakutchire". Pakati pa zabwino zosakayikitsa za kusewera kwake, otsutsa amati kuzama kwa malingaliro ndi malingaliro, kumvetsetsa bwino malamulo a mawonekedwe, architectonics, malingaliro ndi kukula kwa kusinthika kwamphamvu, komanso kulingalira kwa dongosolo lakuchita. “Izi zimaseweredwa ndi munthu amene anazindikira ndi kumveketsa bwino chifukwa chake ndi mbali iti mawonekedwe a sonata amayambira,” analemba motero Kaiser, ponena za kumasulira kwake kwa Beethoven.

Pamodzi ndi izi, zolakwa zambiri za kusewera kwa Brendle zinali zoonekeratu panthawiyo - chikhalidwe, mawu adala, kufooka kwa cantilena, kulephera kufotokoza kukongola kwa nyimbo zosavuta, zosasamala; mosakayikira mmodzi wa openda ndemangayo anam’langiza kuti amvetsere mwatcheru kumasulira kwa E. Gilels kwa Beethoven’s sonata (Op. 3, No. 2) “kuti amvetse zimene zili m’nyimbozi.” Mwachiwonekere, wojambula wodzidzudzula yekha ndi wanzeru anamvera malangizowa, chifukwa kusewera kwake kumakhala kosavuta, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo kumveka bwino, kokwanira.

Kudumpha kwabwino komwe kunachitika kunabweretsa kudziwika kwa Brendle kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 60s. Chiyambi cha kutchuka kwake chinali konsati ku London Wigmore Hall, kenako kutchuka ndi makontrakitala kwenikweni anagwera wojambula. Kuyambira pamenepo, adasewera ndikulemba zambiri, osasintha, komabe, kukhazikika kwake pakusankha ndi kuphunzira ntchito.

Brendle, ndi zofuna zake zonse, samayesetsa kukhala woimba piyano wapadziko lonse, koma, m'malo mwake, tsopano ali ndi chidwi chodziletsa m'dera la repertory. Mapulogalamu ake akuphatikizapo Beethoven (amene sonatas adalemba kawiri pa zolemba), ntchito zambiri za Schubert, Mozart, Liszt, Brahms, Schumann. Koma samasewera Bach konse (akukhulupirira kuti izi zimafuna zida zakale) ndi Chopin ("Ndimakonda nyimbo zake, koma zimafuna luso lapadera, ndipo izi zimandiopseza kuti nditaya kugwirizana ndi olemba ena").

Kukhalabe wofotokozera mosasinthasintha, wokhutitsidwa ndi malingaliro, kusewera kwake tsopano kwakhala kogwirizana kwambiri, kumveka kokongola kwambiri, mawu ake ndi olemera. Chosonyeza pankhaniyi ndi ntchito yake ya konsati ya Schoenberg, woyimba yekhayo wamakono, pamodzi ndi Prokofiev, yemwe adatsalira muzoimba za piano. Malinga ndi m'modzi mwa otsutsawo, adafika pafupi ndi lingaliro, kutanthauzira kwake kuposa Gould, "chifukwa adakwanitsa kupulumutsa kukongola komwe Schoenberg adafuna, koma adalephera kutulutsa."

Alfred Brendel adadutsa njira yolunjika komanso yachilengedwe kuchokera kwa novice virtuoso kupita kwa woimba wamkulu. “Kunena zoona, iye yekha ndiye amene analungamitsa mokwanira ziyembekezo zimene anaikidwa panthaŵiyo,” analemba motero I. Harden, ponena za achichepere a mbadwo umenewo wa oimba piyano a ku Viennese umene Brendel ali m’gulu lake. Komabe, monga momwe msewu wowongoka wosankhidwa ndi Brendle sunali wophweka, kotero tsopano kuthekera kwake kudakali kutali. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa mokhutiritsa osati kokha ndi ma concert ndi zojambula zake payekha, komanso ndi zochitika zosalekeza ndi zosiyanasiyana za Brendel m'madera osiyanasiyana. Iye akupitiriza kuchita mu chipinda ensembles, mwina kulemba zonse Schubert ndi manja anayi nyimbo ndi Evelyn Crochet, laureate wa Tchaikovsky Mpikisano tikudziwa, kapena kuchita Schubert ndi mawu m'zinthu D. Fischer-Dieskau mu holo zazikulu mu Europe ndi America; amalemba mabuku ndi nkhani, nkhani za mavuto a kutanthauzira nyimbo za Schumann ndi Beethoven. Zonsezi zimakwaniritsa cholinga chimodzi chachikulu - kulimbikitsa kulumikizana ndi nyimbo komanso omvera, ndipo omvera athu adatha kuwona izi "ndi maso awo" paulendo wa Brendel ku USSR mu 1988.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990