Gina Bachauer |

Gina Bachauer

Mu theka loyamba la zaka za m'ma 20, maonekedwe a oimba piyano achikazi sanali ofala monga momwe zilili masiku ano, mu nthawi ya "kumasulidwa" kwa amayi pamipikisano yapadziko lonse. Koma chivomerezo chawo m’zochitika zamakonsati chinakhala chochitika chodziŵika kwambiri. Mmodzi mwa anthu amene anasankhidwa anali Gina Bachauer, amene makolo ake, omwe anachokera ku Austria, ankakhala ku Greece. Kwa zaka zoposa 40 wakhala akulemekezeka pakati pa oimba nyimbo. Njira yake yopita pamwamba sinali yodzaza ndi maluwa - katatu anali ndi, kwenikweni, kuti ayambenso.

Kuyimba koyamba kwa mtsikana wazaka zisanu ndi piyano ya chidole yomwe amayi ake amamupatsa pa Khrisimasi. Posakhalitsa idasinthidwa ndi piyano yeniyeni, ndipo ali ndi zaka 8 adapereka konsati yake yoyamba kumudzi kwawo - Athens. Patapita zaka ziwiri, limba wamng'ono ankaimba Arthur Rubinstein, amene anamulangiza kuti kwambiri kuphunzira nyimbo. Zaka za maphunziro zinatsatira - choyamba ku Athens Conservatory, yomwe anamaliza maphunziro ake ndi mendulo ya golide m'kalasi ya V. Fridman, kenako ku Ecole Normal ku Paris ndi A. Cortot.

Pokhala ndi nthawi yoti apange kuwonekera kwake ku Paris, woyimba piyano adakakamizika kubwerera kwawo, chifukwa abambo ake adasokonekera. Kuti athe kusamalira banja lake, adayenera kuiwala kwakanthawi za ntchito yake yaluso ndikuyamba kuphunzitsa piyano ku Athens Conservatory. Gina adasungabe mawonekedwe ake a piyano popanda chidaliro chochuluka kuti atha kuchitanso zoimbaimba. Koma mu 1933 adayesa mwayi wake pa mpikisano wa piyano ku Vienna ndipo adapambana mendulo yaulemu. Mu zaka ziwiri zotsatira, iye anali ndi mwayi kulankhula ndi SERGEY Rachmaninov ndi mwadongosolo ntchito malangizo ake mu Paris ndi Switzerland. Ndipo mu 1935, Bachauer anaimba kwa nthawi yoyamba monga katswiri woimba piyano ku Athens ndi gulu loimba ndi D. Mitropoulos. Likulu la Greece panthawiyo linkaonedwa kuti ndi chigawo cha moyo wa chikhalidwe, koma mphekesera za woimba piyano waluso zinayamba kufalikira pang'onopang'ono. Mu 1937, iye anachita ku Paris ndi Pierre Monte, ndiye anapereka zoimbaimba m'mizinda ya France ndi Italy, analandira kuitana kuchita mu malo ambiri chikhalidwe cha Middle East .

Kuyambika kwa Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse ndi kulandidwa kwa Greece ndi chipani cha Nazi kunakakamiza wojambulayo kuthawira ku Egypt. Pazaka zankhondo, Bachauer sikuti amangosokoneza ntchito yake, koma, m'malo mwake, amayiyambitsa mwanjira iliyonse; Anapereka makonsati oposa 600 a asilikali ndi akuluakulu a magulu ankhondo ogwirizana amene anamenyana ndi chipani cha Nazi ku Africa. Koma pambuyo fascism anagonjetsedwa, limba anayamba ntchito yake kachitatu. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 40, omvera ambiri a ku Ulaya anakumana naye, ndipo mu 1950 anaimba ku United States ndipo, malinga ndi woimba piyano wotchuka A. Chesins, “anagodomalitsa kwenikweni otsutsa a ku New York.” Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Bachauer wakhala ku America, komwe ankakonda kutchuka kwambiri: nyumba ya wojambulayo inasunga makiyi ophiphiritsa a mizinda yambiri ya US, yomwe imaperekedwa kwa iye ndi omvera oyamikira. Nthawi zonse ankapita ku Greece, komwe ankalemekezedwa ngati woyimba piyano wamkulu kwambiri m'mbiri ya dzikolo, yemwe anachita ku Ulaya ndi ku Latin America; Omvera aku Scandinavia adzakumbukira zoimbaimba zake ndi wochititsa Soviet Konstantin Ivanov.

Mbiri ya Gina Bachauer idakhazikitsidwa ndi chiyambi chosakayikitsa, kutsitsimuka komanso, zododometsa momwe zingamvekere, zachikale pakusewera kwake. “Iye sali wokwanira m’sukulu iriyonse,” analemba motero wodziŵa za luso la piyano monga Harold Schonberg. “Mosiyana ndi oimba piyano amakono ambiri, iye anakula kukhala wachikondi chenicheni, wakhama losakayikitsa; monga Horowitz, iye ndi atavism. Koma nthawi yomweyo, repertoire yake ndi yaikulu kwambiri, ndipo amasewera oimba omwe, kunena mosamalitsa, sangatchulidwe kuti ndi okondana. Otsutsa aku Germany adanenanso kuti Bachauer anali "woyimba piyano mumayendedwe abwino kwambiri azaka za zana la XNUMX."

Inde, mukamamvetsera nyimbo za woyimba piyano, nthawi zina zimakhala ngati "wobadwa mochedwa". Zinali ngati kuti zonse zomwe atulukira, mafunde onse a piyano yapadziko lonse, mokulirapo, zaluso zosewerera zidamudutsa. Koma ndiye mukuzindikira kuti izi zilinso ndi chithumwa chake komanso chiyambi chake, makamaka pamene wojambulayo adachita ma concerto akuluakulu a Beethoven kapena Brahms pamlingo waukulu. Pakuti sizingakanidwe kuwona mtima, kuphweka, malingaliro omveka a kalembedwe ndi mawonekedwe, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo palibe mphamvu "yachikazi" ndi kukula kwake. Nzosadabwitsa kuti Howard Taubman analemba mu The New York Times, akumapenda imodzi ya makonsati a Bachauer kuti: “Maganizo ake amachokera ku mmene ntchitoyo inalembedwera, osati kuchokera ku malingaliro awo okhudza iyo amene anatulutsidwa kunja. Ali ndi mphamvu zambiri kotero kuti, pokhala wokhoza kupereka zonse zofunikira za phokoso, amatha kusewera mosavuta ndipo, ngakhale pachimake chachiwawa kwambiri, amakhalabe ndi ulusi womveka bwino.

Makhalidwe abwino a woyimba piyano anaonekera m’gulu lalikulu kwambiri. Adasewera ntchito zambiri - kuyambira Bach, Haydn, Mozart mpaka amasiku athu ano, popanda, m'mawu akeake, zolosera zina. Koma ndizodabwitsa kuti nyimbo zake zimaphatikizanso ntchito zambiri zomwe zidapangidwa m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, kuchokera ku Rachmaninov's Third Concerto, yomwe imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa "akavalo" oimba piyano, mpaka zidutswa za piyano za Shostakovich. Bachauer anali woyamba woimba nyimbo za Arthur Bliss ndi Mikis Theodorakis, ndi ntchito zambiri za oimba achichepere. Izi zokha zimalankhula za kuthekera kwake kuzindikira, kukonda ndi kulimbikitsa nyimbo zamakono.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.