Ottorino Respighi (Ottorino Respighi) |

Ottorino Respighi

M'mbiri ya nyimbo zaku Italy mzaka zoyambirira za zana la XNUMX. Respighi adalowa monga mlembi wa ntchito zomveka bwino za symphonic (ndakatulo "Roman Fountains", "Pins of Rome").

Wolemba zamtsogolo anabadwira m'banja la oimba. Agogo ake aamuna anali oimba, abambo ake anali woyimba piyano, anali ndi Respighi ndipo anatenga maphunziro ake oyambirira a piyano. Mu 1891-99. Respighi amaphunzira ku Music Lyceum ku Bologna: kusewera violin ndi F. Sarti, counterpoint ndi fugue ndi Dall Olio, yopangidwa ndi L. Torqua ndi J. Martucci. Kuyambira 1899 iye anachita zoimbaimba ngati violin. Mu 1900 adalemba imodzi mwa nyimbo zake zoyamba - "Symphonic Variations" ya okhestra.

Mu 1901, monga woimba violini m’gulu la oimba, Respighi anabwera ku St. Petersburg limodzi ndi gulu la zisudzo la ku Italy. Pano pali msonkhano wofunikira ndi N. Rimsky-Korsakov. Wolemba nyimbo wolemekezeka wa ku Russia anapereka moni kwa mlendo wosam’dziŵa bwino, koma ataona zotsatira zake, anachita chidwi ndipo anavomera kuphunzira ndi Mtaliyana wachichepereyo. Maphunzirowa adatenga miyezi 5. Motsogozedwa ndi Rimsky-Korsakov, Respighi analemba nyimbo ya Prelude, Chorale ndi Fugue ya okhestra. Nkhaniyi inakhala ntchito yake yomaliza maphunziro ku Bologna Lyceum, ndipo mphunzitsi wake Martucci anati: "Respighi salinso wophunzira, koma katswiri." Ngakhale izi, wolembayo anapitirizabe kusintha: mu 1902 adatenga maphunziro a nyimbo kuchokera kwa M. Bruch ku Berlin. Patatha chaka chimodzi, Respighi anapitanso ku Russia limodzi ndi gulu la zisudzo, ndipo amakhala ku St. Petersburg ndi ku Moscow. Atadziwa bwino chinenero cha Chirasha, amadziŵa bwino za moyo waluso wa mizindayi ndi chidwi, akuyamikira kwambiri masewero a opera ndi ballet ku Moscow ndi maonekedwe ndi zovala za K. Korovin ndi L. Bakst. Maubwenzi ndi Russia sasiya ngakhale atabwerera kwawo. A. Lunacharsky anaphunzira ku yunivesite ya Bologna, yemwe pambuyo pake, m'zaka za m'ma 20, adanena kuti akufuna kuti Respighi abwerenso ku Russia.

Respighi ndi m'modzi mwa oyambitsa ku Italy omwe adalembanso nyimbo zaku Italy zomwe zidaiwalika. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 amalenga nyimbo yatsopano ya "Maliro a Ariadne" ndi C. Monteverdi, ndipo nyimboyi ikuchitidwa bwino ku Berlin Philharmonic.

Mu 1914, Respighi ali kale mlembi wa zisudzo atatu, koma ntchito m'dera lino si kumubweretsa bwino. Kumbali ina, kupangidwa kwa ndakatulo ya symphonic The Fountains of Rome (1917) kunaika woimbayo patsogolo pa oimba a ku Italy. Ili ndi gawo loyamba la mtundu wa symphonic trilogy: The Fountains of Rome, The Pines of Rome (1924) ndi The Feasts of Rome (1928). G. Puccini, yemwe ankadziwa bwino kwambiri nyimbo za wolemba nyimboyo komanso ankacheza naye, anati: “Kodi ukudziwa kuti ndani amene anali woyamba kuphunzira zambiri za Respighi? I. Kuchokera ku nyumba yosindikizira ya Ricordi ndimalandira kopi yoyamba ya chilichonse mwazolemba zake zatsopano ndikusilira luso lake loyimba zida zosapambana.

Kudziwana ndi I. Stravinsky, S. Diaghilev, M. Fokin ndi V. Nijinsky kunali kofunika kwambiri pa ntchito ya Respighi. Mu 1919 gulu la Diaghilev linachita ku London ballet yake The Miracle Shop, yochokera pa nyimbo za piyano za G. Rossini.

Kuyambira 1921, Respighi nthawi zambiri ankaimba ngati kondakitala, kuchita nyimbo zake, kuyendera monga woyimba piyano ku Ulaya, USA, ndi Brazil. Kuyambira mu 1913 mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake, iye anaphunzitsa pa Academy of Santa Cecilia ku Rome, ndipo mu 1924-26. ndiye wotsogolera wake.

Nyimbo za symphonic za Respighi zimaphatikiza mwapadera luso lamakono lolemba, kuyimba kokongola (chitsanzo cha symphonic trilogy, "Brazilian Impressions"), komanso kutengera nyimbo zamakedzana, mitundu yakale, mwachitsanzo, zinthu za neoclassicism. Ntchito zingapo za woimbayo zinalembedwa pamitu ya nyimbo ya Gregorian ("Gregorian Concerto" ya violin, "Concerto in Mixolydian mode" ndi ma preludes 3 a nyimbo za Gregorian za piyano, "Doria Quartet"). Respighi ali ndi makonzedwe aulere a zisudzo "The Servant-Madam" lolemba G. Pergolesi, "Machenjerero Aakazi" a D. Cimarosa, "Orpheus" ndi C. Monteverdi ndi ntchito zina za olemba akale a ku Italy, oimba nyimbo zisanu "Etudes-Paintings" ndi S. Rachmaninov, organ passacaglia mu C minor JS Bach.

V. Ilyeva

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